接口自动化测试（Python+Requests+Unittest）_python接口自动化测试

url_v_login = “http://[服务器ip]:8081/login”

定义参数，字典格式

payload = {‘username’: ‘sang’, ‘password’: ‘123’}

Content-Type: application/json --> json

Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded --> data

result = requests.post(url_v_login, data=payload)

将返回结果转为json格式

result_json = result.json()
print(result_json) # {‘status’: ‘success’, ‘msg’: ‘登录成功’}

获取RequestsCookieJar

result_cookie = result.cookies
print(result_cookie, type(result_cookie)) # RequestsCookieJar

将RequestsCookieJar转化为字典格式

result_cookie_dic = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(result_cookie)
print(result_cookie_dic) # {‘JSESSIONID’: ‘D042C5FE4CFF337806D545B0001E7197’}

获取SESSION

final_cookie = “JSESSIONID=” + result_cookie_dic[“JSESSIONID”] # SJSESSIONID=D042C5FE4CFF337806D545B0001E7197
print(final_cookie)

> 
> PUT请求方式
> 
> 
> 

V部落_编辑栏目

定义请求头，自动获取cookie的方法详情请看下文

headers = {“Cookie”: “VBlog(self.requests).get_cookie()”}
new_now_time = time.strftime(“%Y%m%d%H%M%S”, time.localtime(time.time()))
new_category_name = “更新栏目” + new_now_time
payload = {“id”: 2010, “cateName”: new_category_name}
self.requests.put(“http://[服务器ip]:8081/admin/category/”, headers=headers, data=payload)

> 
> DELETE请求方式
> 
> 
> 

删除栏目

result = self.requests.delete(“http://[服务器ip]:8081/admin/category/” + “2010”, headers=headers)
print(result.json()) # {‘status’: ‘success’, ‘msg’: ‘删除成功!’}
self.assertEqual(“删除成功!”, result.json()[“msg”])

### (4)接口自动化测试过程中cookie的处理



> 
> 手动传入cookie的值（每次通过浏览器F12抓包，然后复制request header里面的cookie）
> 
> 
> 

-- coding:utf-8 --

import requests

V部落查询栏目

url_v_category = “http://[服务器ip]:8081/admin/category/all”

定制请求头

如果你想为请求添加HTTP头部，只要简单地传递一个字典给headers参数就可以了

v_headers = {
“cookie”: “studentUserName=ctt01; Hm_lvt_cd8218cd51f800ed2b73e5751cb3f4f9=1609742724,1609762306,1609841170,1609860946; adminUserName=admin; JSESSIONID=9D1FF19F333C5E25DBA60769E9F5248E”}
result = requests.get(url_v_category, headers=v_headers)

打印json格式的响应结果

print(result.json())

![image-20210108222858329](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/884599f77d6364c6aaedabdb1401161f.png)



> 
> cookie自动获取
> 
> 
> 

-- coding:utf-8 --

import requests

url_v_login = “http://[服务器ip]:8081/login”

定义参数，字典格式

payload = {‘username’: ‘sang’, ‘password’: ‘123’}

Content-Type: application/json --> json

Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded --> data

result = requests.post(url_v_login, data=payload)

将返回结果转为json格式

result_json = result.json()
print(result_json) # {‘status’: ‘success’, ‘msg’: ‘登录成功’}

获取RequestsCookieJar

result_cookie = result.cookies
print(result_cookie, type(result_cookie)) # RequestsCookieJar

将RequestsCookieJar转化为字典格式

result_cookie_dic = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(result_cookie)
print(result_cookie_dic) # {‘JSESSIONID’: ‘D042C5FE4CFF337806D545B0001E7197’}

获取SESSION

final_cookie = “JSESSIONID=” + result_cookie_dic[“JSESSIONID”] # SJSESSIONID=D042C5FE4CFF337806D545B0001E7197
print(final_cookie)

> 
> 批量获取cookie脚本
> 
> 
> 

-- coding:utf-8 --

import requests

def get_cookie(username, password):
“”“通过考试系统学生登录获取单个cookie”“”

url_login = "http://[服务器ip]:8088/api/user/login"
payload = {"userName": username, "password": password, "remember": False}
result = requests.post(url_login, json=payload)
# result_json = result.json()
# print(result_json)

# 获取RequestsCookieJar
result_cookie = result.cookies
# print(result_cookie, type(result_cookie))  # RequestsCookieJar
# 将RequestsCookieJar转化为字典格式
result_cookie_dic = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(result_cookie)
# print(result_cookie_dic)  # {'SESSION': 'YzFkM2IzN2QtZWY1OC00Nzc4LTgyOWYtNjg5OGRiZDZlM2E4'}

# 获取SESSION
final_cookie = "SESSION=" + result_cookie_dic["SESSION"]  # SESSION=Mzc2...
return final_cookie

-- coding:utf-8 --

from test01.demo04_student_login import get_cookie
import os

def get_batch_cookies():
“”“批量获取cookie”“”
# 获取cookie之前，先将cookies.csv文件内容清空
# with open(r"D:\Desktop\Testman_Study\API_auto\file\cookies.csv", “w”) as cookies_info:
# cookies_info.write(“”)
# 或者将文件删除
os.remove(r"D:\Desktop\Testman_Study\API_auto\file\cookies.csv")

# 读取csv文件
with open(r"D:\Desktop\Testman_Study\API_auto\file\register.csv", "r") as user_info:
    for user in user_info:
        user_list = user.strip().split(",")
        # 调用获取单个cookies的方法，传入注册好的用户名和密码
        cookies = get_cookie(user_list[0], user_list[1])
        # 将cookie追加写入文件
        with open(r"D:\Desktop\Testman_Study\API_auto\file\cookies.csv", "a") as cookies_info:
            cookies_info.write(cookies + "\n")

调用方法

get_batch_cookies()

register.csv(前提是这些账号和密码都是已经注册过的，可以直接登录)

poopoo001,123456,1
poopoo002,123457,2
poopoo003,123458,3
poopoo004,123459,4
…

cookies.csv

SESSION=ZmE3YmU4ZDctNDExZS00MDdhLWE0YjEtMjAyZjQxOTMxYmUx
SESSION=YjdkNTZhNTUtNGFmMi00MjVkLWEyNjctOTNiMmRmOTY1YTdm
SESSION=ZTJmMTYzMWEtZjUzOS00NTlhLWI0OWQtMzBmN2RkYmU4YmRi
SESSION=YTM0ZGRhOTctZjk5Ni00OWZhLTg1YTItZjUyMTMwZGE2MjVi
…

### (5)不同类型请求参数的处理

-- coding:utf-8 --

import requests

文章列表

url_v_article = “http://[服务器ip]:8081/article/all”
v_headers = {
“Cookie”: “studentUserName=ctt01; Hm_lvt_cd8218cd51f800ed2b73e5751cb3f4f9=1609742724,1609762306,1609841170,1609860946; adminUserName=admin; JSESSIONID=9D1FF19F333C5E25DBA60769E9F5248E”}

自定义url参数，定义一个字典，将参数拆分，再将字典传递给params变量即可

article_params = {“state”: 1, # -1：全部文章 1：已发表 0：回收站 2：草稿箱
“page”: 1, # 显示第1页
“count”: 6, # 每页显示6条
“keywords”: “” # 包含的关键字
}
keywords = [“大橘猫”, “跑男”, “牙”]
for keyword in keywords:
article_params[“keywords”] = keyword
# headers和params是不定长的，根据定义的字典传参
result = requests.get(url_v_article, headers=v_headers, params=article_params)
print(result.json())

![image-20210108223334792](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/c71cf09d18af12d48e67194d04ffee84.png)


### (6)结合Python+Requests+Unittest框架做接口自动化测试



> 
> unittest框架结构：
> 
> 
> 



![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/cf85c02f96c58df28269bcd70298de1e.png)


代码地址：[https://github.com/itcaituotuo/unittest\_api]( )



> 
> if \_*name*\_ == '\_\_main\_\_':
> 
> 
> 


`if __name__ == '__main__'`的意思是：


* 当.py文件被直接运行时，`if __name__ == '__main__'`下的代码块将被运行；
* 当.py文件以模块形式被导入时，`if __name__ == '__main__'`下的代码块不被运行。


### (7)接口自动化测试过程中高级断言



> 
> 闭环断言（新增 --> 查询 --> 修改 --> 查询 --> 删除 -->查询）
> 
> 
> 

def test_article(self):
    # ①V部落_新增文章
    now_time = time.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S", time.localtime(time.time()))
    title = "123" + now_time
    payload = {"id": -1, "title": title, "mdContent": "文章内容", "state": 1, "htmlContent": "<p>文章内容</p>",
               "dynamicTags": "", "cid": 62}
    headers = {"Cookie": VBlog(self.requests).get_cookie()}
    result = self.requests.post("http://[服务器ip]:8081/article/", headers=headers, data=payload)
    # ②查询文章
    url_v_article = "http://[服务器ip]:8081/article/all"
    article_params = {"state": 1,  # -1：全部文章 1：已发表 0：回收站 2：草稿箱
                      "page": 1,  # 显示第1页
                      "count": 6,  # 每页显示6条
                      "keywords": title  # 包含的关键字title
                      }
    result = requests.get(url_v_article, headers=headers, params=article_params, timeout=30)
    print(result.json())  # 响应结果以json的形式打印输出
    ls = result.json()["articles"]
    act = 123
    # 查到新增的文章，说明新增成功
    for l in range(0, len(ls)):
        if ls[l]["title"] == title:
            act = "ok"
            article_id = ls[l]["id"]
    self.assertEqual("ok", act)
    # ③编辑文章
    now_time = time.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S", time.localtime(time.time()))
    title = "修改文章" + now_time
    payload = {"id": article_id, "title": title, "mdContent": "修改内容", "state": 1, "htmlContent": "<p>修改内容</p>",
               "dynamicTags": "", "cid": 62}
    headers = {"Cookie": VBlog(self.requests).get_cookie()}
    self.requests.post("http://[服务器ip]:8081/article/", headers=headers, data=payload)
    # 编辑完，查询文章
    url_v_article = "http://[服务器ip]:8081/article/all"
    article_params = {"state": 1,  # -1：全部文章 1：已发表 0：回收站 2：草稿箱
                      "page": 1,  # 显示第1页
                      "count": 6,  # 每页显示6条
                      "keywords": title  # 包含的关键字title
                      }
    result = requests.get(url_v_article, headers=headers, params=article_params, timeout=30)
    print(result.json())  # 响应结果以json的形式打印输出
    ls = result.json()["articles"]
    act = 123
    # 查到修改过的文章，说明编辑成功
    for l in range(0, len(ls)):
        if ls[l]["title"] == title:
            act = "ok"
            article_id = ls[l]["id"]
    self.assertEqual("ok", act)
    # ④查看文章详情
    article_id = str(article_id)
    result = self.requests.get("http://[服务器ip]:8081/article/" + article_id, headers=headers)
    print(result.json())
    if result.json()["title"] == title:
        act = "ok"
    self.assertEqual(act, "ok")
    # ⑤删除文章
    payload = {'aids': article_id, 'state': 1}
    result = self.requests.put("http://[服务器ip]:8081/article/dustbin", headers=headers, data=payload)
    print(result.json())
    act = result.json()["msg"]
    self.assertEqual(act, "删除成功!")

### (8)通过HTMLTestRunner.py生成可视化HTML测试报告



![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/f0c7d608377010c71c75535f4521836f.png)


**HTMLTestRunner.py百度网盘链接：**

-- coding:utf-8 --

from reports import HTMLTestRunner
from case.exam_case.teacher_case import TeacherCase
import unittest