-v, --volume=[] Bind mount a volume
–volume-driver Optional volume driver for the container
–volumes-from=[] Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
-w, --workdir Working directory inside the container
启动并创建一个交互式的docker容器:
[root@localhost /]# docker run -ti -d 686672a1d0cc
//-d为后台启动
通过docker ps 来查看当前运行的容器,看下docker ps的相关指令:
[root@localhost /]# docker ps --help
Usage: docker ps [OPTIONS]
List containers
-a, --all Show all containers (default shows just running)
-f, --filter=[] Filter output based on conditions provided
–format Pretty-print containers using a Go template
–help Print usage
-l, --latest Show the latest created container (includes all states)
-n=-1 Show n last created containers (includes all states)
–no-trunc Don’t truncate output
-q, --quiet Only display numeric IDs
-s, --size Display total file sizes
[root@localhost /]# docker ps//查看当前正在运行的容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7d95b3df8674 686672a1d0cc “/bin/bash” 5 hours ago Up About an hour admiring_kowalevski
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -a//查看所有的容器信息
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
7d95b3df8674 686672a1d0cc “/bin/bash” 5 hours ago Up About an hour admiring_kowalevski
1b4ac575eda0 686672a1d0cc “/bin/bash” 23 hours ago Exited (137) About an hour ago elated_turing
通过docker start,docker stop来启动和停止容器:
[root@localhost /]# docker start --help
Usage: docker start [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER…]
Start one or more stopped containers
-a, --attach Attach STDOUT/STDERR and forward signals
–detach-keys Override the key sequence for detaching a container
–help Print usage
-i, --interactive Attach container’s STDIN
[root@localhost /]# docker stop --help
Usage: docker stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER…]
Stop a running container.
Sending SIGTERM and then SIGKILL after a grace period
–help Print usage
-t, --time=10 Seconds to wait for stop before killing it
[root@localhost /]# docker restart --help
Usage: docker restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER…]
Restart a container
–help Print usage
-t, --time=10 Seconds to wait for stop before killing the container
使用docker exec 可以进入到已经启动的容器中,低版本的docker可能不行。
[root@localhost Desktop]# docker exec -ti 7d95b3df8674 /bin/bash
[root@7d95b3df8674 /]#
容器的工作是建立在镜像的基础之上的,如果需要删除镜像的话,需要先删除使用该镜像的容器,然后才能删除镜像,否则删除镜像的时候,会有如下的类似的错误信息提示:Failed to remove image
(e7b): Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete e7b2de517efa (must be forced) - image is being used by stopped container 4fbc3cd00987,可以通过docker rm删除容器,docker rmi 删除镜像。
[root@localhost /]# docker rm --help
Usage: docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER…]
Remove one or more containers
-f, --force Force the removal of a running container (uses SIGKILL)
–help Print usage
-l, --link Remove the specified link
-v, --volumes Remove the volumes associated with the container
[root@localhost /]# docker rmi --help
Usage: docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE…]
Remove one or more images
-f, --force Force removal of the image
–help Print usage
–no-prune Do not delete untagged parents
删除停止的容器
docker rm $(docker ps --all -q -f status=exited)
删除没有使用的镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images | grep “” | awk “{print $3}”)
批量删除容器
docker ps -a | awk ‘{print $1}’ | xargs docker rm
批量删除镜像
docker images | awk ‘{print $3}’ | xargs docker rmi
持久化容器与镜像
1.通过容器生成新的镜像
运行中的镜像称为容器。你可以修改容器(比如删除一个文件),但这些修改不会影响到镜像。不过,你使用docker commit 命令可以把一个正在运行的容器变成一个新的镜像。
docker commit [repo:tag] 将一个container固化为一个新的image,后面的repo:tag可选。
2.持久化容器
docker export用于持久化容器。
[root@localhost /]# docker export --help
Usage: docker export [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
Export a container’s filesystem as a tar archive
–help Print usage
-o, --output Write to a file, instead of STDOUT
[root@localhost /]# docker export container.tar
======================================================================
docker save用于持久化镜像:
[root@localhost /]# docker save --help
Usage: docker save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE…]
Save an image(s) to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
–help Print usage
-o, --output Write to a file, instead of STDOUT
[root@localhost /]# docker save image.tar
============================================================================
使用docker import,docker load导入镜像容器:
[root@localhost /]# docker import --help
Usage: docker import [OPTIONS] file|URL|- [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
-c, --change=[] Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image
–help Print usage
-m, --message Set commit message for imported image
[root@localhost /]# docker load --help
Usage: docker load [OPTIONS]
Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
–help Print usage
-i, --input Read from a tar archive file, instead of STDIN
5.对镜像打tag
[root@localhost /]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/centos 7.2.1511 686672a1d0cc 5 weeks ago 194.6 MB
[root@localhost /]# docker tag 686672a1d0cc centos:base
[root@localhost /]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos base 686672a1d0cc 5 weeks ago 194.6 MB
docker.io/centos 7.2.1511 686672a1d0cc 5 weeks ago 194.6 MB
===========================================================================================
导出后再导入(export-import)的镜像会丢失所有的历史,而保存后再加载(save-load)的镜像没有丢失历史和层(layer)。这意味着使用导出后再导入的方式,你将无法回滚到之前的层(layer),同时,使用保存后再加载的方式持久化整个镜像,就可以做到层回滚。(可以执行docker tag 来回滚之前的层)。
docker logs $CONTAINER_ID #查看docker实例运行日志,确保正常运行
docker inspect $CONTAINER_ID #docker inspect <image|container> 查看image或container的底层信息
docker build 寻找path路径下名为的Dockerfile的配置文件,使用此配置生成新的image
docker build -t repo[:tag] 同上,可以指定repo和可选的tag
docker build - < 使用指定的dockerfile配置文件,docker以stdin方式获取内容,使用此配置生成新的image
docker port 查看本地哪个端口映射到container的指定端口,其实用docker ps 也可以看到。
=============================================================================
Docker实际上把所有东西都放到/var/lib/docker路径下了。
至此一个简单干净的docker环境搭建完毕。
docker images //查看本地镜像
docker ps -a //查看所有容器
docker ps //查看当前有哪些容器正在运行
docker rmi 镜像名称/镜像ID 删除镜像
docker rm 容器名称/容器ID 删除容器(删除前必须先停止容器的运行)
docker start 容器名称/容器ID 启动一个容器
docker restart 容器名称/容器ID 重启一个容器
docker stop 容器名称/容器ID 停止一个在运行的容器
docker run -d -p 8081:8080 --name tomcat01 tomcat 利用镜像创建一个容器