Java~反射的API文档使用（利用反射创建对象、反射私有构造方法、反射私有属性、反射私有方法

}

public void eat(String food, String food2) {

System.out.println(this.name + " 在吃" + food + food2);

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return “Stuent{” +

“name='” + name + ‘’’ +

“, age=” + age +

‘}’;

}

}

接下来我们开始使用反射，我们依旧反射上面的Student类，把反射的逻辑写到另外的类当中进行理解

注意：所有和反射相关的包都在 import java.lang.reflect包下面。

利用反射调用公有构造方法创建对象

===============================================================================

public static void reflectNewInstance() throws ClassNotFoundException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException {

Class<?> classStudent = Class.forName(“Stuent”);

//注意newInstance里传入的参数

Object sudentInstance = classStudent.newInstance();

Stuent stuent = (Stuent) sudentInstance;

System.out.println(stuent);

//第二种

Stuent stuent1 = (Stuent) classStudent.newInstance();

System.out.println(stuent1);

//第三种

Constructor<?> constructor = classStudent.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class);

Stuent stuent2 = (Stuent) constructor.newInstance(“Bike”);

System.out.println(stuent2);

}

通过反射调动私有构造方法创建对象

===============================================================================

public static void reflectPrivateConstructor() throws ClassNotFoundException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException {

Class<?> sutndetClass = Class.forName(“Stuent”);

Constructor<?> studentConstructor= sutndetClass.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class);

//获得权限，破坏private封装

studentConstructor.setAccessible(true);

Stuent stuent = (Stuent) studentConstructor.newInstance(“Bike”, 20);

System.out.println(stuent);

}

反射私有属性

=====================================================================

public static void reflectPrivateField() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {

Class<?> studentCalss = Class.forName(“Stuent”);

Field field = studentCalss.getDeclaredField(“name”);

//获得破坏private封装的权限

field.setAccessible(true);

Stuent stuent = new Stuent();

//可以通过set来修改，也可以通过get来获取

System.out.println(stuent);

field.set(stuent,“Frake”);

String name = (String) field.get(stuent);

System.out.println(name);

}

反射私有方法

=====================================================================

public static void reflectPrivateMethod() throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {

Class<?> studentClass = Class.forName(“Stuent”);

Method method = studentClass.getDeclaredMethod(“play”, String.class);

//破坏private权限

method.setAccessible(true);

Stuent stuent = new Stuent();

method.invoke(stuent, " Baketball");

//如果不是私有方法

Method method1 = studentClass.getDeclaredMethod(“eat”, String.class, String.class);

method1.invoke(stuent, " Apple", " Banana");

}

反射优点和缺点

======================================================================

优点

---

1. 对于任意一个类，都能够知道这个类的所有属性和方法；对于任意一个对象，都能够调用它的任意一个方法

2. 增加程序的灵活性和扩展性，降低耦合性，提高自适应能力

3. 反射已经运用在了很多流行框架如：Struts、Hibernate、Spring 等等。

缺点

---

1. 使用反射会有效率问题。会导致程序效率降低。

2. 反射技术绕过了源代码的技术，因而会带来维护问题。反射代码比相应的直接代码更复杂 。

测试

=================================================================

public static void main(String[] args) throws IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchFieldException {

reflectNewInstance();

System.out.println(“=============”);

reflectPrivateConstructor();

System.out.println(“=============”);

reflectPrivateField();

System.out.println(“=============”);

reflectPrivateMethod();