>
> 触摸命令只能创建文件,不目录存在则会报错
> 解决:先创建目录,再创建文件
>
>
>
[root@lcx ~]# ls /lcx/
lcx.txt
[root@lcx ~]# touch /lcx/lidao/alex/lcx.txt
touch: cannot touch ‘/lcx/lidao/alex/lcx.txt’: No such file or directory
>
> 排错思路:
> 1.ls命令检查对应的目录是否存在?
> 2.目录不存在先创建目录在创建文件/
>
>
>
### 3.命令未找到命令找不到(没有这个命令)
[root@lcx ~]# mkdiy
-bash: mkdiy: command not found
>
> 1.书写错误
> 2.没有安装
>
>
>
### 4.无效选项无效的参数(不可用的参数)
[root@lcx ~]# touch -p /lcx/lcx.txt
touch: invalid option – ‘p’
Try ‘touch --help’ for more information.
### 5.覆盖覆盖
>
> CP复制如果已经存在这个文件会提示是否覆盖
>
>
>
[root@lcx ~]# cp /lcx/lcx.txt /tmp/
cp: overwrite ‘/tmp/lcx.txt’?
### 6.删除常规空文件是否删除普通文件(空的)?
[root@lcx ~]# rm /lcx/lcx.txt
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/lcx/lcx.txt’?
### 7.是目录xxx是一个目录
>
> rm默认无法删除目录
> 解决:加上-r或-rf
>
>
>
[root@lcx ~]# rm /data/
rm: cannot remove ‘/data/’: Is a directory
>
> vi命令中使用vi编辑目录也会报错
>
>
>
“/lcx”
E502: “/lcx” is a directory
Press ENTER or type command to continue
### 8.进入目录是否进入目录
[root@lcx ~]# rm -r /data/
rm: descend into directory ‘/data/’? y
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/lcx01.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/lcx02.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/lcx03.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/lcx04.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/lcx05.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/lcx06.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/lcx07.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/lcx08.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/lcx09.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/lcx10.txt’? n
rm: remove directory ‘/data/’? n
### 9.无效级别无效的层数,层数必须大于0
>
> 注意参数位置
>
>
>
[root@lcx ~]# tree -L -F 2 /
tree: Invalid level, must be greater than 0.
### 10.无法打开文件写入无法打开这个文件
>
> vi中如果目录不存在就会提示
>
>
>
“/oldbyo/lcx.txt”
“/oldbyo/lcx.txt” E212: Can’t open file for writing
Press ENTER or type command to continue
### 11.自上次更改以来没有写
E37: No write since last change (add ! to override)
粘包赖(你修改了内容就无法使用:q退出 需要使用:q!
### 12. xx列窗口太窄窗口只有xx列太太了无法完全显示
>
> 这是w的坑空间太小施展不开。
>
>
>
[root@lcx60-lnb ~]# w
w: 39 column window is too narrow
### 13. xxx不是目录不是一个目录
>
> 背景:创建文件的时候多了一个空格
>
>
>
[root@ssdz ~]# touch /lcx /lcx.txt #此处要创建/lcx/lcx.txt 多个个空格 创建了2个文件 /lcx和/lcx.txt
[root@ssdz ~]# ls -l /lcx/ #系统认为lcx是个目录 所以报错
ls: cannot access /lcx/: Not a directory
[root@ssdz ~]# touch /lcx/lcx.txt
touch: cannot touch ‘/lcx/lcx.txt’: Not a directory
[root@ssdz ~]# ls -l /lcx
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 0 Apr 9 15:23 /lcx
### 14.查看压缩包的时候报错
>
> 注意是否有特殊中文符号导致的。
>
>
>
[root@lcx59 tmp]# tar ztf /tmp/etc.tar.gz
tar (child): \200\202\200\202\200\202\200\202/tmp/etc.tar.gz: Cannot open: No such file or directory
tar (child): Error is not recoverable: exiting now
tar: Child returned status 2
tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now
### 15.您在/ var / spool / mail / root中有邮件
>
> 你在这个文件/ var / spool / mail / root中有一个新邮件
>
>
>
### 16.许可被拒绝
>
> 权限拒绝
>
>
>
### 17. W10:警告:更改只读文件
>
> 使用vim的时候的显示的
> 表示:修改正在只读文件
> 解决:
>
>
>
> >
> > 1.查看对文件是否有RW权限
> > 2.如果是根用户可以修改后强制保存退出(:WQ!)
> >
> >
> >
>
>
>
### 18.找不到格式正确的MD5校验和行
>
> 在使用md5sum -c(检查的时候)
> md5指纹信息文件中,格式不对
> 第1列是md5信息第2列文件名
> 解决方案:
>
>
>
> >
> > 查看MD5文件内容是否正确
> > 检查的命令是否正确md5sum -c lcx.md5
> >
> >
> >
>
>
>
md5sum: /lcx/mtime/access_2019-04-01.txt: no properly formatted MD5 checksum lines found
### 19. E45:设置’readonly’选项(添加!覆盖)
>
> 通过vi / vim编辑文件保存的时候(:wq)提示
> 这个文件只读,:wq!强制保存退出
>
>
>
## 二、网络连接类
### 1.远程连接错误连接失败连接失败
>
> 使用XSHELL远程连接失败提示,检查端口是否开启或正确
>
>
>
[c:~]$
Connecting to 10.0.0.200:233…
Could not connect to ‘10.0.0.200’ (port 233): Connection failed.
Type `help’ to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
>
> 使用的telnet测试端口是否打开
>
>
>
[c:~]$ telnet 10.0.0.200 233
Connecting to 10.0.0.200:233…
Could not connect to ‘10.0.0.200’ (port 233): Connection failed. #233端口没有开启
Type `help’ to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
>
> 端口开启
>
>
>
[c:~]$ telnet 10.0.0.200 22
Connecting to 10.0.0.200:22…
Connection established. #端口开启
To escape to local shell, press ‘Ctrl+Alt+]’.
SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.4
Protocol mismatch.
Connection closed by foreign host.
Disconnected from remote host(10.0.0.200:22) at 12:22:54.
Type `help’ to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
[c:~]$
### 2. yum安装软件故障提示无法解析主机无法解析主机
>
> 无法解析主机无法解析主机
> 主要是系统能否上网和DNS问题。
>
>
>
http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/7.6.1810/updates/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#6 -
“Could not resolve host: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn; Unknown error”
Trying other mirror.
### 3.yum安装软件提示:无事可做(没事做)
>
> 有两种情况:
> 情况1:软件已经安装并且最新如下:
>
>
>
Package tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
tree软件包已经安装并且是最新版本
Package 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 1:bash-completion-2.1-6.el7.noarch already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
>
> 情况2:软件名字写错或没有配置荫源导致找不到这个软件包
>
>
>
[root@lcx60-lnb ~]# yum install treea -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror.lzu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cn
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
No package treea available.
#没有找到叫treea的软件包
Error: Nothing to do
>
> 情况3:你需要安装软件包而不是软件包里面的命令
> 通过yum提供查看命令属于哪个软件包
>
>
>
[root@lcx ~]# yum install -y locate
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
(1/2): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 187 kB 00:00:02
(2/2): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 3.4 MB 00:00:04
No package locate available.
Error: Nothing to do
[root@lcx ~]# yum provides locate
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 7.1 MB 00:00:03
extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 236 kB 00:00:00
updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 2.7 MB 00:00:01
mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64 : An utility for finding files by name
Repo : base
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/bin/locate
[root@lcx ~]# yum install -y mlocate
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
–> Running transaction check
—> Package mlocate.x86_64 0:0.26-8.el7 will be installed
–> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=========================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
Installing:
mlocate x86_64 0.26-8.el7 base 113 k
Transaction Summary
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 113 k
Installed size: 379 k
Downloading packages:
mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64.rpm | 113 kB 00:00:02
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
mlocate.x86_64 0:0.26-8.el7
Complete!
[root@lcx ~]# rpm -qa mlocate
mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64
### 4.名称或服务未知域名无法识别(无法上网)
>
> 原因1:DNS配置错误
> 原因2:[Linux无法上网原因https://www.jianshu.com/p/0bc0b596c1a0]( )
>
>
>
[root@lcx ~]# ping baidu.com
ping: baidu.com: Name or service not known
域名无法识别(无法将域名---->ip地址)
## 三。修改系统基础配置类
### 1.重启网卡报错设备不存在
[root@lcxusd ~]# systemctl restart network
Job for network.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See “systemctl status network.service” and “journalctl -xe” for details.
>
> 查看详细错误原因
> ·journalctl -xe·
>
>
>
Apr 01 15:31:05 lcxusd.1 network[7816]: Bringing up interface etho:
ERROR : [/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth] Device does not seem to be present, delaying initialization.
Apr 01 15:31:05 lcxusd.1 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth[8019]:
Device does not seem to be present, delaying initializatio
### 2.修改主机名过程中,命令行中主机名没有变化
#### 1#hostname命令修改主机名(临时重启服务器之后失效)
[root@lcx ~]# hostname
lcx
[root@lcx ~]# hostname lcx-lnb
#### 2#修改文件内容(写合同永久重启服务器之后生效)
vim /etc/hostname
lcx-lnb
#### 3#检查
[root@lcx ~]# hostname
lcx-lnb
[root@lcx ~]# cat /etc/hostname
lcx-lnb
#### 4 # 命令行中的主机名部分没有改变?
>
> 解决:重新登录下即可(断开连接,重新连接)
>
>
>
[root@lcx-lnb ~]#
### 3.寻找匹配的“”时意外的EOF
>
> 引号不成对
>
>
>