举例说明2：请求头header或者请求数据中有的数据为空，所以我们在拿取数据过程中要做判断
#获取请求数据
def get\_request\_data(self,row):
col = int(data_config.get_data())
data = self.oper_excel.get_cell_value(row,col)
if data == '':
return None
return data
首先拿取excel中表格中的关键字，再通过关键字去对应json文件拿取具体的请求数据。比如先拿取excel中请求数据中的hotwords，再根据此关键字去json文件读取hotwords的键值数据
"hotwords": {
"bizName": "globalSearchClient",
"sign": "8c8bc3ee9d6c4b7b8a390ae298cb6db5",
"timeMills": "1524906299999"
}
#通过获取请求关键字拿到data数据
def get\_data\_value(self,row):
oper_json = OperationJson('../dataconfig/request\_data.json')
request_data = oper_json.get_data(self.get_request_data(row))
return request_data
#根据关键字获取数据
'''
dict[‘key’]只能获取存在的值，如果不存在则触发KeyError
dict.get(key, default=None)，返回指定键的值，如果值不在字典中返回默认值None
excel文件中请求数据有可能为空，所以用get方法获取
‘’’
def get_data(self,key):
# return self.data[key]
return self.data.get(key)
（3）一般的接口都是单接口，即是单独请求，没有上下依赖关系的，针对这种只要模拟请求拿到数据进行断言就可以了。但是实际项目中会存在特殊场景，比如test\_03和test04
说明：test\_04中，请求数据qqmusic\_more中的supplier字段依赖于test\_03中的返回数据value[0].biz的值
“qqmusic_more”: {
“bizName”: “globalSearchClient”,
“appLan”: “zh_CN”,
“musicLimit”: “20”,
“imei”: “864044030085594”,
“keyword”: “fly”,
“timeMills”: “1527134461256”,
“page”: “0”,
“sign”: “17daa7e3e84bd4dfbe9a1bd9a1bd7e62”,
“mac”: “90f05205d7b7”,
“sessionId”: “43e605b914874cd99b47ac997e19c1a1”,
“network”: “1”,
“supplier”: “”,
“language”: “zh_CN”,
}
先执行test\_03，获取依赖的返回数据value[0].biz的值
#执行依赖测试，获取test\_03返回结果
def run\_dependent(self):
row_num = self.oper_excel.get_row_num(self.case_id)
request_data = self.data.get_data_value(row_num)
header = self.data.get_request_header(row_num)
method = self.data.get_request_method(row_num)
url = self.data.get_request_url(row_num)
res = self.method.run_main(method,url,request_data,header,params=request_data)
return res
#获取依赖字段的响应数据：通过执行依赖测试case来获取响应数据，响应中某个字段数据作为依赖key的value
def get\_value\_for\_key(self,row):
#获取依赖的返回数据key
depend_data = self.data.get_depend_key(row)
print(depend_data) #depend\_data打印数据：value[0].biz
#执行依赖case返回结果
response_data = self.run_dependent()
# print(depend\_data)
# print(response\_data)
return [match.value for match in parse(depend_data).find(response_data)][0]
再将value[0].biz值放入test\_04请求数据qqmusic\_more中的supplier字段中
if depend_case != None:
self.depend_data = DependentData(depend_case)
#获取依赖字段的响应数据
depend_response_data = self.depend_data.get_value_for_key(i)
#获取请求依赖的key
depend_key = self.data.get_depend_field(i)
#将依赖case的响应返回中某个字段的value赋值给该接口请求中某个参数
data[depend_key] = depend_response_data
（4）拿到请求相关数据后，执行该条case，获取response；然后实际结果与预期结果进行断言
res = self.run_method.run_main(method,url,data,header,params=data)
‘’’
get请求参数是params:request.get(url=‘’,params={}),post请求数据是data:request.post(url=‘’,data={})
excel文件中没有区分直接用请求数据表示,则data = self.data.get_data_value(i)拿到的数据，post请求就是data=data,get请就是params=data
‘’’
根据get、post类型区分
class RunMethod:
def post_main(self,url,data,header=None):
res = None
if header != None:
res = requests.post(url=url,data=data,headers=header)
else:
res = requests.post(url=url,data=data)
return res.json()
def get\_main(self,url,params=None,header=None):
res = None
if header != None:
res = requests.get(url=url, params=params, headers=header)
else:
res = requests.get(url=url, params=params)
return res.json()
def run\_main(self,method,url,data=None,header=None,params=None):
res = None
if method == 'post':
res = self.post_main(url,data,header)
else:
res = self.get_main(url,params,header)
return res
（5）执行接口case过程中，可能存在某条case异常报错，导致下面的case无法运行，所以我们既要将异常日志存放在特定文件中方便后续排查，也要保证下面的case能够不受影响继续执行完
try:...
except Exception as e:
# 将报错写入指定路径的日志文件里
with open(log_file,'a',encoding='utf-8') as f:
f.write("\n第%s条用例报错:\n" % i)
initLogging(log_file,e)
fail_count.append(i)
抓取日志的方法可以使用python内置模块logging
import logging
def initLogging(logFilename,e):
logging.basicConfig(
level = logging.INFO,
format =‘%(asctime)s-%(levelname)s-%(message)s’,
datefmt = ‘%y-%m-%d %H:%M’,
filename = logFilename,
filemode = ‘a’)
fh = logging.FileHandler(logFilename,encoding=‘utf-8’)
logging.getLogger().addHandler(fh)
log = logging.exception(e)
return log
日志文件log.txt结果：直接定位问题出在哪儿
第5条用例报错:
18-06-19 10:27-ERROR-string indices must be integers
Traceback (most recent call last):
File “C:/Users/xxx/Documents/GitHub/python3_interface/main/run_test.py”, line 70, in go_on_run
op_header.write_cookie()
File “C:\Users\xxx\Documents\GitHub\python3_interface\util\operation_header.py”, line 30, in write_cookie
cookie = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(self.get_cookie())
File “C:\Users\zhangying1\Documents\GitHub\python3_interface\util\operation_header.py”, line 25, in get_cookie
url = self.get_response_url()+“&callback=jQuery21008240514814031887_1508666806688&_=1508666806689”
File “C:\Users\xxx\Documents\GitHub\python3_interface\util\operation_header.py”, line 18, in get_response_url
url = self.response[‘data’][‘url’][0]
TypeError: string indices must be integers
（6）[接口自动化测试]( )执行完成后，需要将测试结果发送给项目组相关人员
#coding:utf-8
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
import datetime
class SendEmail:
global send_user
global email_host
global password
password = “lunkbrgwqxhfjgxx”
email_host = “smtp.qq.com”
send_user = “xxx@qq.com”
def send\_mail(self,user\_list,sub,content):
user = "shape" + "<" + send_user + ">"
# 创建一个带附件的实例
message = MIMEMultipart()
message['Subject'] = sub
message['From'] = user
message['To'] = ";".join(user_list)
# 邮件正文内容
message.attach(MIMEText(content, 'plain', 'utf-8'))
# 构造附件（附件为txt格式的文本）
filename = '../log/log.txt'
time = datetime.date.today()
att = MIMEText(open(filename, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="%s\_Log.txt"'% time
message.attach(att)
server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL()
server.connect(email_host,465)# 启用SSL发信, 端口一般是465
# server.set\_debuglevel(1)# 打印出和SMTP服务器交互的所有信息
server.login(send_user,password)
server.sendmail(user,user_list,message.as_string())
server.close()
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