{‘database’: ‘mysql’, ‘server’: ‘localhost’}
x = {} #空字典
x
{}
使用dict利用已有数据创建字典:
keys = [‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, ‘d’]
values = [1, 2, 3, 4]
dictionary = dict(zip(keys, values))
dictionary
{‘a’: 1, ‘c’: 3, ‘b’: 2, ‘d’: 4}
x = dict() #空字典
x
{}
使用dict根据给定的键、值创建字典
d = dict(name=‘xiao’, age=17)
d
{‘age’: 17, ‘name’: ‘xiao’}
以给定内容为键,创建值为空的字典
adict = dict.fromkeys([‘name’, ‘age’, ‘sex’])
adict
{‘age’: None, ‘name’: None, ‘sex’: None}
可以使用del删除整个字典
2 字典元素的读取
以键作为下标可以读取字典元素,若键不存在则抛出异常
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aDict = {‘name’:‘xiao’, ‘sex’:‘male’, ‘age’:17}
aDict[‘name’]
‘xiao’
aDict[‘tel’] #键不存在,抛出异常
Traceback (most recent call last):
File “<pyshell#53>”, line 1, in
aDict[‘tel’]
KeyError: ‘tel’
使用字典对象的get方法获取指定键对应的值,并且可以在键不存在的时候返回指定值。
print(aDict.get(‘address’))
None
print(aDict.get(‘address’, ‘chengdu’))
chengdu
aDict[‘score’] = aDict.get(‘score’,[])
aDict[‘score’].append(98)
aDict[‘score’].append(97)
aDict
{‘age’: 37, ‘score’: [98, 97], ‘name’: ‘xiao’, ‘sex’: ‘male’}
使用字典对象的items()方法可以返回字典的键、值对
使用字典对象的keys()方法可以返回字典的键
使用字典对象的values()方法可以返回字典的值
aDict={‘name’:‘xiao’, ‘sex’:‘male’, ‘age’:17}
for item in aDict.items():
print(item)
(‘name’, ‘xiao’)
(‘sex’, ‘male’)
(‘age’, 17)
for key in aDict: #不加特殊说明,默认输出键
print(key)
age
name
sex
for key, value in aDict.items(): #序列解包用法
print(key, value)
age 17
name xiao
sex male
aDict.keys() #返回所有键
dict_keys([‘name’, ‘sex’, ‘age’])
aDict.values() #返回所有值
dict_values([‘xiao’, ‘male’, 17])
3 字典元素的添加与修改
当以指定键为下标为字典赋值时:1)若键存在,则可以修改该键的值;2)若不存在,则表示添加一个键、值对。
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aDict[‘age’] = 18 #修改元素值
aDict
{‘age’: 18, ‘name’: ‘xiao’, ‘sex’: ‘male’}
aDict[‘address’] = ‘sichuan’ #增加新元素
aDict
{‘age’: 18, ‘address’: ‘sichuan’, ‘name’: ‘xiao’, ‘sex’: ‘male’}
使用字典对象的update()方法将另一个字典的键、值对添加到当前字典对象。
aDict
{‘age’: 17, ‘score’: [98, 97], ‘name’: ‘xiao’, ‘sex’: ‘male’}
aDict.items()
dict_items([(‘age’, 17), (‘score’, [98, 97]), (‘name’, ‘xiao’), (‘sex’, ‘male’)])
aDict.update({‘a’:‘a’,‘b’:‘b’})
aDict
{‘a’: ‘a’, ‘score’: [98, 97], ‘name’: ‘xiao’, ‘age’: 17, ‘b’: ‘b’, ‘sex’: ‘male’}