import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
- Cookie快速入门
*/
@WebServlet(“/cookieDemo1”)
public class CookieDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.创建Cookie对象
Cookie c = new Cookie(“msg”, “hello”);
//2.发送Cookie
response.addCookie©;
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
demo2
package cn.itcast.cookie;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
-
Cookie快速入门
*/
@WebServlet(“/cookieDemo2”)
public class CookieDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//3. 获取Cookie
Cookie[] cs = request.getCookies();
//获取数据,遍历Cookies
if(cs != null){
for (Cookie c : cs) {
String name = c.getName();
String value = c.getValue();
System.out.println(name+“:”+value);
}
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
- 实现原理:基于响应头set-cookie和请求头cookie实现
-
cookie的细节
-
一次可不可以发送多个cookie?
可以,可以创建多个Cookie对象,使用response调用多次addCookie方法发送cookie即可。
package cn.itcast.cookie;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
-
Cookie快速入门
*/
@WebServlet(“/cookieDemo3”)
public class CookieDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.创建Cookie对象
Cookie c1 = new Cookie(“msg”,“hello”);
Cookie c2 = new Cookie(“name”,“zhangsan”);
//2.发送Cookie
response.addCookie(c1);
response.addCookie(c2);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
-
cookie在浏览器中保存多长时间?
-
默认情况下,当浏览器关闭后,Cookie数据被销毁
-
持久化存储:setMaxAge(int seconds)
① 正数:将Cookie数据写到硬盘的文件中。持久化存储。并指定cookie存活时间,时间到后,cookie文件自动失效
② 负数:默认值
③ 零:删除cookie信息
package cn.itcast.cookie;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
-
Cookie快速入门
*/
@WebServlet(“/cookieDemo4”)
public class CookieDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.创建Cookie对象
Cookie c1 = new Cookie(“msg”,“setMaxAge”);
//2.设置cookie的存活时间
//c1.setMaxAge(30);//将cookie持久化到硬盘,30秒后会自动删除cookie文件
//c1.setMaxAge(-1);
//c1.setMaxAge(300);
c1.setMaxAge(0);//删除Cookie
//3.发送Cookie
response.addCookie(c1);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
- cookie能不能存中文?
① 在tomcat 8 之前 cookie中不能直接存储中文数据。需要将中文数据转码 :一般采用URL编码(%E3)
② 在tomcat 8 之后,cookie支持中文数据。特殊字符还是不支持,建议使用URL编码存储,URL解码解析
package cn.itcast.cookie;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
-
Cookie快速入门
*/
@WebServlet(“/cookieDemo5”)
public class CookieDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.创建Cookie对象
Cookie c1 = new Cookie(“msg”,“你好”);
//3.发送Cookie
response.addCookie(c1);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
- cookie共享问题?
① 假设在一个tomcat服务器中,部署了多个web项目,那么在这些web项目中cookie能不能共享?
-
默认情况下cookie不能共享
-
setPath(String path):设置cookie的获取范围。默认情况下,设置当前的虚拟目录,
如果要共享,则可以将path设置为"/"
package cn.itcast.cookie;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
-
Cookie快速入门
*/
@WebServlet(“/cookieDemo5”)
public class CookieDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.创建Cookie对象
Cookie c1 = new Cookie(“msg”,“你好”);
//设置path,让当前服务器下部署的所有项目共享Cookie信息
c1.setPath(“/”);
//3.发送Cookie
response.addCookie(c1);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
② 不同的tomcat服务器间cookie共享问题?
-
setDomain(String path):如果设置一级域名相同,那么多个服务器之间cookie可以共享
-
setDomain(“.baidu.com”),那么tieba.baidu.com和news.baidu.com中cookie可以共享
-
Cookie的特点和作用
-
cookie存储数据在客户端浏览器
-
浏览器对于单个cookie 的大小有限制(4kb) 以及 对同一个域名下的总cookie数量也有限制(20个)
-
作用:
① cookie一般用于存出少量的不太敏感的数据
② 在不登录的情况下,完成服务器对客户端的身份识别
-
案例:记住上一次访问时间
-
需求:
① 访问一个Servlet,如果是第一次访问,则提示:您好,欢迎您首次访问。
② 如果不是第一次访问,则提示:欢迎回来,您上次访问时间为:显示时间字符串
- 分析:
① 可以采用Cookie来完成
② 在服务器中的Servlet判断是否有一个名为lastTime的cookie
- 有:不是第一次访问
① 响应数据:欢迎回来,您上次访问时间为:2018年6月10日11:50:20
② 更新
Cookie:lastTime=2018年6月10日11:50:01
- 没有:是第一次访问
① 响应数据:您好,欢迎您首次访问
② 写回
Cookie:lastTime=2018年6月10日11:50:01
- 代码实现:
package cn.itcast.cookie;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
@WebServlet(“/cookieTest”)
public class CookieTest extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//设置响应的消息体的数据格式以及编码
response.setContentType(“text/html;charset=utf-8”);
//1.获取所有Cookie
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
boolean flag = false;//没有cookie为lastTime
//2.遍历cookie数组
if(cookies != null && cookies.length > 0){
for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
//3.获取cookie的名称
String name = cookie.getName();
//4.判断名称是否是:lastTime
if(“lastTime”.equals(name)){
//有该Cookie,不是第一次访问
flag = true;//有lastTime的cookie
//设置Cookie的value
//获取当前时间的字符串,重新设置Cookie的值,重新发送cookie
Date date = new Date();
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(“yyyy年MM月dd日 HH:mm:ss”);
String str_date = sdf.format(date);
System.out.println(“编码前:”+str_date);
//URL编码
str_date = URLEncoder.encode(str_date,“utf-8”);
System.out.println(“编码后:”+str_date);
cookie.setValue(str_date);
//设置cookie的存活时间
cookie.setMaxAge(60 * 60 * 24 * 30);//一个月
response.addCookie(cookie);
//响应数据
//获取Cookie的value,时间
String value = cookie.getValue();
System.out.println(“解码前:”+value);
//URL解码:
value = URLDecoder.decode(value,“utf-8”);
System.out.println(“解码后:”+value);
response.getWriter().write(“
欢迎回来,您上次访问时间为:”+value+“
”);break;
}
}
}
if(cookies == null || cookies.length == 0 || flag == false){
//没有,第一次访问
//设置Cookie的value
//获取当前时间的字符串,重新设置Cookie的值,重新发送cookie
Date date = new Date();
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(“yyyy年MM月dd日 HH:mm:ss”);
String str_date = sdf.format(date);
System.out.println(“编码前:”+str_date);
//URL编码
str_date = URLEncoder.encode(str_date,“utf-8”);
System.out.println(“编码后:”+str_date);
Cookie cookie = new Cookie(“lastTime”,str_date);
//设置cookie的存活时间
cookie.setMaxAge(60 * 60 * 24 * 30);//一个月
response.addCookie(cookie);
response.getWriter().write(“
您好,欢迎您首次访问
”);}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
======================================================================
-
概念:服务器端会话技术,在一次会话的多次请求间共享数据,将数据保存在服务器端的对象中。HttpSession
-
快速入门:
-
获取HttpSession对象:
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
- 使用HttpSession对象:
Object getAttribute(String name)
void setAttribute(String name, Object value)
void removeAttribute(String name)
demo1
package cn.itcast.session;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet(“/sessionDemo1”)
public class SessionDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//使用session共享数据
//1.获取session
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
//2.存储数据
session.setAttribute(“msg”,“hello session”);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
demo2
package cn.itcast.session;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet(“/sessionDemo2”)
public class SessionDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//使用session获取数据
//1.获取session
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
//2.获取数据
Object msg = session.getAttribute(“msg”);
System.out.println(msg);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
- 原理
Session的实现是依赖于Cookie的。
-
细节:
-
当客户端关闭后,服务器不关闭,两次获取session是否为同一个?
① 默认情况下。不是。
② 如果需要相同,则可以创建Cookie,键为JSESSIONID,设置最大存活时间,让cookie持久化保存。
Cookie c = new Cookie(“JSESSIONID”,session.getId());
c.setMaxAge(60*60);
response.addCookie©;
- 客户端不关闭,服务器关闭后,两次获取的session是同一个吗?
不是同一个,但是要确保数据不丢失。tomcat自动完成以下工作
① session的钝化
:在服务器正常关闭之前,将session对象系列化到硬盘上
② esession的活化
:在服务器启动后,将session文件转化为内存中的session对象即可。
- session什么时候被销毁?
① 服务器关闭
② session对象调用invalidate() 。
③ session默认失效时间 30分钟
选择性配置修改 —— tomcat配置文件
30
- session的特点
① session用于存储一次会话的多次请求的数据,存在服务器端
② session可以存储任意类型,任意大小的数据
================================================================================
-
session存储数据在服务器端,Cookie在客户端
-
session没有数据大小限制,Cookie有
-
session数据安全,Cookie相对于不安全
- 案例需求:
① 访问带有验证码的登录页面login.jsp
② 用户输入用户名,密码以及验证码。
-
如果用户名和密码输入有误,跳转登录页面,提示:用户名或密码错误
-
如果验证码输入有误,跳转登录页面,提示:验证码错误
-
如果全部输入正确,则跳转到主页success.jsp,显示:用户名,欢迎您
- 分析:
- 代码
login.jsp
<%@ page contentType=“text/html;charset=UTF-8” language=“java” %>
LoginServlet.java
package cn.itcast.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet(“/loginServlet”)
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {