}
const O = Object(this);
const len = O.length >>> 0;
let k = 0;
while (k < len) {
if (k in O) {
callback.call(thisArg, O[k], k, O);
}
k++;
}
}
07.Array.prototype.reduce()
Array.prototype.reduce = function(callback, initialValue) {
if (this == undefined) {
throw new TypeError(‘this is null or not defined’);
}
if (typeof callback !== ‘function’) {
throw new TypeError(callbackfn + ’ is not a function’);
}
const O = Object(this);
const len = this.length >>> 0;
let accumulator = initialValue;
let k = 0;
// 如果第二个参数为undefined的情况下
// 则数组的第一个有效值作为累加器的初始值
if (accumulator === undefined) {
while (k < len && !(k in O)) {
k++;
}
// 如果超出数组界限还没有找到累加器的初始值,则TypeError
if (k >= len) {
throw new TypeError(‘Reduce of empty array with no initial value’);
}
accumulator = O[k++];
}
while (k < len) {
if (k in O) {
accumulator = callback.call(undefined, accumulator, O[k], k, O);
}
k++;
}
return accumulator;
}
08.Function.prototype.apply()
第一个参数是绑定的this,默认为window
,第二个参数是数组或类数组
Function.prototype.apply = function(context = window, args) {
if (typeof this !== ‘function’) {
throw new TypeError(‘Type Error’);
}
const fn = Symbol(‘fn’);
context[fn] = this;
const res = contextfn;
delete context[fn];
return res;
}
09.Function.prototype.call
于call
唯一不同的是,call()
方法接受的是一个参数列表
Function.prototype.call = function(context = window, …args) {
if (typeof this !== ‘function’) {
throw new TypeError(‘Type Error’);
}
const fn = Symbol(‘fn’);
context[fn] = this;
const res = contextfn;
delete context[fn];
return res;
}
10.Function.prototype.bind
Function.prototype.bind = function(context, …args) {
if (typeof this !== ‘function’) {
throw new Error(“Type Error”);
}
// 保存this的值
var self = this;
return function F() {
// 考虑new的情况
if(this instanceof F) {
return new self(…args, …arguments)
}
return self.apply(context, […args, …arguments])
}
}
11.debounce(防抖)
触发高频时间后n秒内函数只会执行一次,如果n秒内高频时间再次触发,则重新计算时间。
const debounce = (fn, time) => {
let timeout = null;
return function() {
clearTimeout(timeout)
timeout = setTimeout(() => {
fn.apply(this, arguments);
}, time);
}
};
防抖常应用于用户进行搜索输入节约请求资源,window
触发resize
事件时进行防抖只触发一次。
12.throttle(节流)
高频时间触发,但n秒内只会执行一次,所以节流会稀释函数的执行频率。
const throttle = (fn, time) => {
let flag = true;
return function() {
if (!flag) return;
flag = false;
setTimeout(() => {
fn.apply(this, arguments);
flag = true;
}, time);
}
}
节流常应用于鼠标不断点击触发、监听滚动事件。
13.函数珂里化
指的是将一个接受多个参数的函数 变为 接受一个参数返回一个函数的固定形式,这样便于再次调用,例如f(1)(2)
经典面试题:实现add(1)(2)(3)(4)=10;
、 add(1)(1,2,3)(2)=9;
function add() {
const _args = […arguments];
function fn() {
_args.push(…arguments);
return fn;
}
fn.toString = function() {
return _args.reduce((sum, cur) => sum + cur);
}
return fn;
}
14.模拟new操作
3个步骤:
-
以
ctor.prototype
为原型创建一个对象。 -
执行构造函数并将this绑定到新创建的对象上。
-
判断构造函数执行返回的结果是否是引用数据类型,若是则返回构造函数执行的结果,否则返回创建的对象。
function newOperator(ctor, …args) {
if (typeof ctor !== ‘function’) {
throw new TypeError(‘Type Error’);
}
const obj = Object.create(ctor.prototype);
const res = ctor.apply(obj, args);
const isObject = typeof res === ‘object’ && res !== null;
const isFunction = typeof res === ‘function’;
return isObject || isFunction ? res : obj;
}
15.instanceof
instanceof
运算符用于检测构造函数的prototype
属性是否出现在某个实例对象的原型链上。
const myInstanceof = (left, right) => {
// 基本数据类型都返回false
if (typeof left !== ‘object’ || left === null) return false;
let proto = Object.getPrototypeOf(left);
while (true) {
if (proto === null) return false;
if (proto === right.prototype) return true;
proto = Object.getPrototypeOf(proto);
}
}
16.原型继承
这里只写寄生组合继承了,中间还有几个演变过来的继承但都有一些缺陷
function Parent() {
this.name = ‘parent’;
}
function Child() {
Parent.call(this);
this.type = ‘children’;
}
Child.prototype = Object.create(Parent.prototype);
Child.prototype.constructor = Child;
17.Object.is
Object.is
解决的主要是这两个问题:
+0 === -0 // true
NaN === NaN // false
const is= (x, y) => {
if (x === y) {
// +0和-0应该不相等
return x !== 0 || y !== 0 || 1/x === 1/y;
} else {
return x !== x && y !== y;
}
}
18.Object.assign
Object.assign()
方法用于将所有可枚举属性的值从一个或多个源对象复制到目标对象。它将返回目标对象(请注意这个操作是浅拷贝)
Object.defineProperty(Object, ‘assign’, {
value: function(target, …args) {
if (target == null) {
return new TypeError(‘Cannot convert undefined or null to object’);
}
// 目标对象需要统一是引用数据类型,若不是会自动转换
const to = Object(target);
for (let i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
// 每一个源对象
const nextSource = args[i];
if (nextSource !== null) {
// 使用for…in和hasOwnProperty双重判断,确保只拿到本身的属性、方法(不包含继承的)
for (const nextKey in nextSource) {
if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(nextSource, nextKey)) {
to[nextKey] = nextSource[nextKey];
}
}
}
}
return to;
},
// 不可枚举
enumerable: false,
writable: true,
configurable: true,
})
19.深拷贝
递归的完整版本(考虑到了Symbol属性):
const cloneDeep1 = (target, hash = new WeakMap()) => {
// 对于传入参数处理
if (typeof target !== ‘object’ || target === null) {
return target;
}
// 哈希表中存在直接返回
if (hash.has(target)) return hash.get(target);
const cloneTarget = Array.isArray(target) ? [] : {};
hash.set(target, cloneTarget);
// 针对Symbol属性
const symKeys = Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(target);
if (symKeys.length) {
symKeys.forEach(symKey => {
if (typeof target[symKey] === ‘object’ && target[symKey] !== null) {
cloneTarget[symKey] = cloneDeep1(target[symKey]);
} else {
cloneTarget[symKey] = target[symKey];
}
})
}
for (const i in target) {
if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(target, i)) {
cloneTarget[i] =
typeof target[i] === ‘object’ && target[i] !== null
-
? cloneDeep1(target[i], hash)
- target[i];
}
}
return cloneTarget;
}
20.Promise
// 模拟实现Promise
// Promise利用三大手段解决回调地狱:
// 1. 回调函数延迟绑定
// 2. 返回值穿透
// 3. 错误冒泡
// 定义三种状态
const PENDING = ‘PENDING’; // 进行中
const FULFILLED = ‘FULFILLED’; // 已成功
const REJECTED = ‘REJECTED’; // 已失败
class Promise {
constructor(exector) {
// 初始化状态
this.status = PENDING;
// 将成功、失败结果放在this上,便于then、catch访问
this.value = undefined;
this.reason = undefined;
// 成功态回调函数队列
this.onFulfilledCallbacks = [];
// 失败态回调函数队列
this.onRejectedCallbacks = [];
const resolve = value => {
// 只有进行中状态才能更改状态
if (this.status === PENDING) {
this.status = FULFILLED;
this.value = value;
// 成功态函数依次执行
this.onFulfilledCallbacks.forEach(fn => fn(this.value));
}
}
const reject = reason => {
// 只有进行中状态才能更改状态
if (this.status === PENDING) {
this.status = REJECTED;
this.reason = reason;
// 失败态函数依次执行
this.onRejectedCallbacks.forEach(fn => fn(this.reason))
}
}
try {
// 立即执行executor
// 把内部的resolve和reject传入executor,用户可调用resolve和reject
exector(resolve, reject);
} catch(e) {
// executor执行出错,将错误内容reject抛出去
reject(e);
}
}
then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
onFulfilled = typeof onFulfilled === ‘function’ ? onFulfilled : value => value;
onRejected = typeof onRejected === ‘function’? onRejected :
reason => { throw new Error(reason instanceof Error ? reason.message : reason) }
// 保存this
const self = this;
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
if (self.status === PENDING) {
self.onFulfilledCallbacks.push(() => {
// try捕获错误
try {
// 模拟微任务
setTimeout(() => {
const result = onFulfilled(self.value);
// 分两种情况:
// 1. 回调函数返回值是Promise,执行then操作
// 2. 如果不是Promise,调用新Promise的resolve函数
result instanceof Promise ? result.then(resolve, reject) : resolve(result);
})
} catch(e) {
reject(e);
}
});
self.onRejectedCallbacks.push(() => {
// 以下同理
try {
setTimeout(() => {
const result = onRejected(self.reason);
// 不同点:此时是reject
result instanceof Promise ? result.then(resolve, reject) : resolve(result);
})
} catch(e) {
reject(e);
}
})
} else if (self.status === FULFILLED) {
try {
setTimeout(() => {
const result = onFulfilled(self.value);
result instanceof Promise ? result.then(resolve, reject) : resolve(result);
});
} catch(e) {
reject(e);
}
} else if (self.status === REJECTED) {
try {
setTimeout(() => {
const result = onRejected(self.reason);
result instanceof Promise ? result.then(resolve, reject) : resolve(result);
})
} catch(e) {
reject(e);
}
}
});
}
catch(onRejected) {
return this.then(null, onRejected);
}
static resolve(value) {
if (value instanceof Promise) {
// 如果是Promise实例,直接返回
return value;
} else {
// 如果不是Promise实例,返回一个新的Promise对象,状态为FULFILLED
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => resolve(value));
}
}
static reject(reason) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
reject(reason);
})
}
static all(promiseArr) {
const len = promiseArr.length;
const values = new Array(len);
// 记录已经成功执行的promise个数
let count = 0;
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
// Promise.resolve()处理,确保每一个都是promise实例
Promise.resolve(promiseArr[i]).then(
val => {
values[i] = val;
count++;
// 如果全部执行完,返回promise的状态就可以改变了
if (count === len) resolve(values);
},
err => reject(err),
);
}
})
}
static race(promiseArr) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
promiseArr.forEach(p => {
Promise.resolve§.then(
val => resolve(val),
err => reject(err),
)
})
})
}
}
21.Promise.all
Promise.all
是支持链式调用的,本质上就是返回了一个Promise实例,通过resolve
和reject
来改变实例状态。
Promise.myAll = function(promiseArr) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const ans = [];
let index = 0;
for (let i = 0; i < promiseArr.length; i++) {
promiseArr[i]
.then(res => {
ans[i] = res;
index++;
if (index === promiseArr.length) {
resolve(ans);
}
})
.catch(err => reject(err));
}
})
}
22.Promise.race
Promise.race = function(promiseArr) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
promiseArr.forEach(p => {
// 如果不是Promise实例需要转化为Promise实例
Promise.resolve§.then(
val => resolve(val),
err => reject(err),
)
})
})
}
23.Promise并行限制
就是实现有并行限制的Promise调度器问题。
class Scheduler {
constructor() {
this.queue = [];
this.maxCount = 2;
this.runCounts = 0;
}
add(promiseCreator) {
this.queue.push(promiseCreator);
}
taskStart() {
for (let i = 0; i < this.maxCount; i++) {
this.request();
}
}
request() {
if (!this.queue || !this.queue.length || this.runCounts >= this.maxCount) {
return;
}
this.runCounts++;
this.queue.shift()().then(() => {
this.runCounts–;
this.request();
});
}
}
const timeout = time => new Promise(resolve => {
setTimeout(resolve, time);
})
const scheduler = new Scheduler();
const addTask = (time,order) => {
scheduler.add(() => timeout(time).then(()=>console.log(order)))
}
addTask(1000, ‘1’);
addTask(500, ‘2’);
addTask(300, ‘3’);
addTask(400, ‘4’);
scheduler.taskStart()
// 2
// 3
// 1
// 4
24.JSONP
script标签不遵循同源协议,可以用来进行跨域请求,优点就是兼容性好但仅限于GET请求
const jsonp = ({ url, params, callbackName }) => {
const generateUrl = () => {
let dataSrc = ‘’;
for (let key in params) {
if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(params, key)) {
dataSrc += ${key}=${params[key]}&
;
}
}
dataSrc += callback=${callbackName}
;
return ${url}?${dataSrc}
;
}
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const scriptEle = document.createElement(‘script’);
scriptEle.src = generateUrl();
document.body.appendChild(scriptEle);
window[callbackName] = data => {
resolve(data);
document.removeChild(scriptEle);
}
})
}
25.AJAX
const getJSON = function(url) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const xhr = XMLHttpRequest ? new XMLHttpRequest() : new ActiveXObject(‘Mscrosoft.XMLHttp’);
xhr.open(‘GET’, url, false);
xhr.setRequestHeader(‘Accept’, ‘application/json’);
xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (xhr.readyState !== 4) return;
if (xhr.status === 200 || xhr.status === 304) {
resolve(xhr.responseText);
} else {
reject(new Error(xhr.responseText));
}
}
xhr.send();
})
}
26.event模块
实现node中回调函数的机制,node中回调函数其实是内部使用了观察者模式。
观察者模式:定义了对象间一种一对多的依赖关系,当目标对象Subject发生改变时,所有依赖它的对象Observer都会得到通知。
function EventEmitter() {
this.events = new Map();
}
// 需要实现的一些方法:
// addListener、removeListener、once、removeAllListeners、emit
// 模拟实现addlistener方法
const wrapCallback = (fn, once = false) => ({ callback: fn, once });
EventEmitter.prototype.addListener = function(type, fn, once = false) {
const hanlder = this.events.get(type);
if (!hanlder) {
// 没有type绑定事件
this.events.set(type, wrapCallback(fn, once));
} else if (hanlder && typeof hanlder.callback === ‘function’) {
// 目前type事件只有一个回调
this.events.set(type, [hanlder, wrapCallback(fn, once)]);
} else {
// 目前type事件数>=2
hanlder.push(wrapCallback(fn, once));
}
}
// 模拟实现removeListener
EventEmitter.prototype.removeListener = function(type, listener) {
const hanlder = this.events.get(type);
if (!hanlder) return;
if (!Array.isArray(this.events)) {
if (hanlder.callback === listener.callback) this.events.delete(type);
else return;
}
for (let i = 0; i < hanlder.length; i++) {
const item = hanlder[i];
if (item.callback === listener.callback) {
hanlder.splice(i, 1);
i–;
if (hanlder.length === 1) {
this.events.set(type, hanlder[0]);
}
}
}
}
// 模拟实现once方法
EventEmitter.prototype.once = function(type, listener) {
this.addListener(type, listener, true);
}
// 模拟实现emit方法
EventEmitter.prototype.emit = function(type, …args) {
总结
阿里十分注重你对源码的理解,对你所学,所用东西的理解,对项目的理解。