Java~ LocalDate、LocalTime、LocalDateTime、DateTimeFormatter的学习和使用

System.out.println("localTimeOf = " + localTimeOf);

//5、获取当前年月日,时分秒都有的日期

LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now();

System.out.println("localDateTime = " + localDateTime);

//6、获取指定年月日,时分秒都有的日期(参数依次 年、月、日、时、分）

LocalDateTime localDateTimeOf = LocalDateTime.of(2021, 3, 4, 17, 12);

System.out.println("localDateTimeOf = " + localDateTimeOf);

//7、日期+时间 组成 包含年月日,时分秒都有的日期

LocalDateTime of = LocalDateTime.of(LocalDate.now(), LocalTime.now());

System.out.println("of = " + of);

}

输出结果

当前时间 = 2021-03-04

年月日 = 2021-03-04

localTime = 17:22:46.456

localTimeOf = 17:24:12.000004444

localDateTime = 2021-03-04T17:22:46.456

localDateTimeOf = 2021-03-04T17:12

of = 2021-03-04T17:22:46.457

Process finished with exit code 0

日期的计算

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对于LocalDate,只有精度大于或等于日的加减，如年、月、日；

对于LocalTime,只有精度小于或等于时的加减，如时、分、秒、纳秒；

对于LocalDateTime,则可以进行任意精度的时间相加减；

加法操作

public static void main(String[] args) {

//获取当前时间

LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now();

System.out.println("当前时间 = " + localDateTime);

//1、加1年

LocalDateTime plusYears = localDateTime.plusYears(1L);

System.out.println("plusYears = " + plusYears);

//2、加1个月

LocalDateTime plusMonths = localDateTime.plusMonths(1L);

System.out.println("plusMonths = " + plusMonths);

//3、加一天

LocalDateTime plusDays = localDateTime.plusDays(1L);

System.out.println("plusDays = " + plusDays);

//4、加1个小时

LocalDateTime plusHours = localDateTime.plusHours(1L);

System.out.println("plusHours = " + plusHours);

//5、加10分

LocalDateTime plusMinutes = localDateTime.plusMinutes(10L);

System.out.println("plusMinutes = " + plusMinutes);

//6、加200毫秒

LocalDateTime plusSeconds = localDateTime.plusSeconds(200L);

System.out.println("plusSeconds = " + plusSeconds);

//7、加一小时

LocalDateTime plusHours2 = localDateTime.plus(1, ChronoUnit.DAYS);

//8、加一周

LocalDateTime plusWeeks = localDateTime.plus(1, ChronoUnit.WEEKS);

//9、加一年

LocalDateTime plusYears2 = localDateTime.plus(1, ChronoUnit.YEARS);

}

输出结果

当前时间 = 2021-03-04T17:29:35.153

plusYears = 2022-03-04T17:29:35.153

plusMonths = 2021-04-04T17:29:35.153

plusDays = 2021-03-05T17:29:35.153

plusHours = 2021-03-04T18:29:35.153

plusMinutes = 2021-03-04T17:39:35.153

plusSeconds = 2021-03-04T17:32:55.153

Process finished with exit code 0

减法操作

public static void main(String[] args) {

//获取当前时间

LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now();

System.out.println("当前时间 = " + localDateTime);

//1、减1年

LocalDateTime plusYears = localDateTime.minusYears(1L);

System.out.println("plusYears = " + plusYears);

//2、减1个月

LocalDateTime plusMonths = localDateTime.minusMonths(1L);

System.out.println("plusMonths = " + plusMonths);

//3、减一天

LocalDateTime plusDays = localDateTime.minusDays(1L);

System.out.println("plusDays = " + plusDays);

//4、减1个小时

LocalDateTime plusHours = localDateTime.minusHours(1L);

System.out.println("plusHours = " + plusHours);

//5、减10分

LocalDateTime plusMinutes = localDateTime.minusMinutes(10L);

System.out.println("plusMinutes = " + plusMinutes);

//6、减200毫秒

LocalDateTime plusSeconds = localDateTime.minusSeconds(200L);

System.out.println("plusSeconds = " + plusSeconds);

//7、减一小时

LocalDateTime plusHours2 = localDateTime.minus(1, ChronoUnit.DAYS);

//7、减一周

LocalDateTime plusWeeks = localDateTime.minus(1, ChronoUnit.WEEKS);

//7、减一年

LocalDateTime plusYears2 = localDateTime.minus(1, ChronoUnit.YEARS);

}

从代码中可以看到，记忆起来也是很方便，这些 plus() 和 minus() 方法，是不会改变原date和time的实例的，返回的是新的实例。

比较日期和时间

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当我们想知道给定的时间或日期是在另一个时间/日期之前还是之后，我们就可以用到isBefore()、isAfter()和compareTo方法。

对于compareTo方法， 如果前一个参数表示的时间是大于后一个的就返回一个大于0的数字， 如果小于就返回一个小于0的数据, 使用这个方法要注意，LocalDate只能比较LocalDate， LocalDateTime只能比较LocalDateTime，不然那就会报错！

public static void main(String[] args) {

LocalDate ld1 = LocalDate.of(2021, 3, 4);

LocalDate ld2 = LocalDate.of(2020, 4, 3);

boolean after = ld1.isAfter(ld2);

System.out.println("ld1是否在ld2之后 = " + after);

//输出: ld1是否在ld2之后 = false

boolean before = ld1.isBefore(ld2);

System.out.println("ld1是否在ld2之前 = " + before);

//输出: ld1是否在ld2之前 = true

LocalDateTime ldt1 = LocalDateTime.of(2020, 3, 4, 18, 12);

LocalDateTime ldt2 = LocalDateTime.of(2020, 3, 4, 18, 12);

boolean after1 = ldt1.isAfter(ldt2);

System.out.println("ldt1是否在ldt2之后 = " + after1);

//输出: ldt1是否在ldt2之后 = false

boolean before1 = ldt1.isBefore(ldt2);

System.out.println("ldt1是否在ldt2之后 = " + before1);

//输出: ldt1是否在ldt2之后 = true

//时间相减

Duration duration = Duration.between(ldt1, ldt2);

//两个时间差的天数

long days = duration.toDays();

System.out.println("days = " + days);

//输出: days = 0

//小时数差

long hours = duration.toHours();

System.out.println("hours = " + hours);

//输出: hours = 2

//分钟数差

long minutes = duration.toMinutes();

System.out.println("minutes = " + minutes);

//输出: minutes = 120

//毫秒数差

long millis = duration.toMillis();

System.out.println("millis = " + millis);

//输出: millis = 7200000

//纳秒数差

long nanos = duration.toNanos();

System.out.println("nanos = " + nanos);

//输出: nanos = 7200000000000

//时间比较

LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.now();

LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now();

System.out.println(localDateTime.compareTo(ChronoLocalDateTime.from(localDate)));

}

ISO标准日期格式转换

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如果你遵循ISO标准在日期/时间和字符串之间进行转换，那么这个事情会变得很容易，因为在 DateTimeFormatter 中，已经内置了ISO标准的格式。

public static void main(String[] args) {

LocalDateTime ldt = LocalDateTime.now();

System.out.println("ldt = " + ldt);

//输出: ldt = 2020-07-07T18:32:34.757

String format1 = ldt.format(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE);

System.out.println("format1 = " + format1);

//输出: format1 = 2020-07-07

String format2 = ldt.format(DateTimeFormatter.BASIC_ISO_DATE);

System.out.println("format2 = " + format2);

//输出: format2 = 20200707

String format3 = ldt.format(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE_TIME);

System.out.println("format3 = " + format3);

//输出: format3 = 2020-07-07T18:32:34.757

String format4 = ldt.format(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_LOCAL_DATE_TIME);

System.out.println("format4 = " + format4);

//输出: format4 = 2020-07-07T18:32:34.757

String format = ldt.format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(“d-M-y”));

System.out.println("format = " + format);

//输出: format = 7-7-2020

String format5 = ldt.format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(“yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss”));

System.out.println("format5 = " + format5);

//输出: format5 = 2020-07-07 18:32:34

String format6 = ldt.format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(“yyyy年MM月dd日HH时mm分ss秒”));

System.out.println("format6 = " + format6);

//输出: format6 = 2020年07月07日18时32分34秒

}

有木有感觉简直不要方便太多。

String转日期

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如果使用字符串解析成时间DateTimeFormatter也是支持的， 你想要转换成什么时间类型， 直接使用LocalDataXXX.parse(str, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(yyyy-mm-dd));

public static void main(String[] args) {

LocalDate ld = LocalDate.parse(“2020-07-07”);

System.out.println("ld = " + ld);

//输出: ld = 2020-07-07

String str = “2020-07-07 22:24:33”;

DateTimeFormatter dateTimeFormatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(“yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss”);

LocalDateTime ldt = LocalDateTime.parse(str,dateTimeFormatter);

System.out.println("ldt = " + ldt);

//输出: ldt = 2020-07-07T22:24:33

}

其他好玩的API

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public static void main(String[] args) {

LocalDate date = LocalDate.parse(“2021-03-04”);

//获取这个月的第一个周末的时间

System.out.println(date.with(TemporalAdjusters.dayOfWeekInMonth(1, DayOfWeek.SUNDAY)));

//获取上个月的最后一周末的时间

System.out.println(date.with(TemporalAdjusters.dayOfWeekInMonth(0, DayOfWeek.SUNDAY)));

//获取这个月的倒数第一个周末的时间

System.out.println(date.with(TemporalAdjusters.dayOfWeekInMonth(-1, DayOfWeek.SUNDAY)));

//获取这个月的第一个周末的时间,上面的dayOfWeekInMonth更灵活,可以定义第几周

System.out.println(date.with(TemporalAdjusters.firstInMonth(DayOfWeek.SUNDAY)));

//明年的第一天