文章目录
大致介绍
Java8吸收了日期时间第三方库joda项目的很多特性,设计了新版的日期时间库java.time。如下截图所示
其中有几个包说明下
- java.time.chrono:全球日历系统扩展库:包含很多年表,包括日本年表、泰国年表、民国、伊斯兰历等,可自行扩展
- java.time.format:日期时间格式,包含大量预定义的格式,可自行扩展
- java.time.temporal:日期时间调整辅助库,时态包:包含了时态的一些操作定义、底层框架和扩展特性
- java.time.zone:时区信息库:包含了时区的一些支持类
常用类,常用方法及示例
LocalDateTime、LocalDate、LocalTime(Year、DayOfMonth、MonthOfYear等)
区分
- LocalDate 例如2014-01-14.(注意不包含时分秒)
- LocalDateTime 包含日期及时间
- LocalTime 只包含时间(23:59:59)
创建方法
以LocalDate及LocalDateTime举例,其他类似
//创建当前时间
LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.now();
//调用方法public static LocalDate of(int year, Month month, int dayOfMonth)
LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.of(2021, 10, 31)
//有字符串转化而来 DateTimeFormatter用法后面会介绍
LocalDate startDate = LocalDate.parse("2012-03-28", DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd"));
//localDateTime转化而来
LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.from(localDateTime);
//LocalDateTime类似
LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now();
LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.of(2000,1,3,5,6,7,999000000);//最后一个参数单位为纳秒,现在表示999毫秒
调整设置日期相关方法
LocalDate date;
date = localDate.plusDays(-1);//增加天数,负数也可以
date = localDate.plusWeeks(2);//增加星期
date = localDate.plusMonths(3);
date = localDate.plusYears(14);
date = localDate.minusDays(4);//减少
date = localDate.minusWeeks(4);
date = localDate.minusMonths(10);
date = localDate.minusYears(10);
date = date.withDayOfMonth(20);//设置当前所在月的日期
date = date.withDayOfYear(364);//设置当前年的第几天,平年为12-30号
LocalDate newDate = date.withYear(2104);//设置年,返回一个新对象,date不变还是原来的
System.out.println(date);
System.out.println(newDate);
注意点:所有的日期是时间类均有final修饰,线程安全的。对其操作返回的都是一个新的对象(和String类似)
比较大小
//isBefore() isAfter() isEqual()
LocalDate startDate = LocalDate.of(2000,1,1);//2020-01-01
LocalDate endDate = LocalDate.of(2000,1,2);//2020-01-02
System.out.println(startDate.isBefore(endDate));//true
System.out.println(startDate.isAfter(endDate));//false
System.out.println(startDate.isEqual(endDate));//false
System.out.println(startDate.isEqual(endDate.minusDays(1)));//true
获取天月年时分秒
LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now();//2021-11-24T20:54:00.497
localDateTime.getDayOfMonth();//24
localDateTime.getDayOfWeek();//WEDNESDAY
localDateTime.getDayOfYear();//328
localDateTime.getHour();//20
localDateTime.getYear();//2021
localDateTime.getMonth();//NOVEMBER
localDateTime.getMonthValue();//11
localDateTime.getLong(ChronoField.CLOCK_HOUR_OF_DAY);//和getHour()一样 20
localDateTime.getLong(ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH);//和.getDayOfMonth()一样,都类似。 24
时间间隔(Period、Duration、ChronoUnit)
Period(日期间隔,相差几年几月几日)
LocalDateTime dateTime1 = LocalDateTime.of(2020, 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 500000000);
LocalDateTime dateTime2 = LocalDateTime.now();
//period获取日期部分的间隔,相差几年几月几日
Period period = Period.between(dateTime1.toLocalDate(), dateTime2.toLocalDate());//参数需转化为LocalDate类型
System.out.println(dateTime1);
System.out.println(dateTime2);
System.out.println(period+":表示相差"+period.getYears()+"年"+period.getMonths()+"月"+period.getDays()+"天");
//打印结果(注意getDays()返回21,并不是两个日期之间的天数差)
//2020-01-03T05:06:07.500
//2021-11-24T21:32:27.843
//P1Y10M21D:表示相差1年10月21天
Duration(时间间隔,相差几秒加几纳秒)
LocalDateTime dateTime1 = LocalDateTime.of(2021, 11, 23, 5, 6, 7, 500000000);
LocalDateTime dateTime2 = LocalDateTime.now();//2021-11-24T22:28:09.132
Duration duration = Duration.between(dateTime1, dateTime2);
System.out.println(duration.getSeconds());//62362(秒,会包含天数) 注意!
System.out.println(duration.getNano());//3000000(纳秒)
System.out.println(duration.toDays());//1
System.out.println(duration.toHours());//41
System.out.println(duration.toMinutes());//2481
System.out.println(duration.toMillis());//148916492
System.out.println(duration.toNanos());//148916492000000
ChronoUnit(相差多少天,或多少秒…只有一个单位。很有可能这个才是你最需要用的!)
LocalDateTime dateTime1 = LocalDateTime.of(2020, 11, 14, 5, 6, 7, 500000000);
LocalDateTime dateTime2 = LocalDateTime.now();//2021-11-24T22:13:48.239
//下面两种写法都可以
System.out.println(dateTime1.until(dateTime2, ChronoUnit.DAYS));//375
System.out.println(ChronoUnit.DAYS.between(dateTime1, dateTime2));//375
//年
System.out.println(ChronoUnit.YEARS.between(dateTime1, dateTime2));//1
//月
System.out.println(ChronoUnit.MONTHS.between(dateTime1, dateTime2));//12
//秒
System.out.println(ChronoUnit.SECONDS.between(dateTime1, dateTime2));//32461656
//纳秒
System.out.println(ChronoUnit.NANOS.between(dateTime1, dateTime2));//32461656789000000
Instant 时间戳
常用创建方式
Instant instant = Instant.now();//返回默认UTC时区的Instant类对象,与北京差八小时
//通过毫秒数创建(Date转Instant常用)
Instant now = Instant.ofEpochMilli(new Date().getTime());//2021-11-24T15:06:47.659Z
Instant now1 = Instant.ofEpochMilli(System.currentTimeMillis());//2021-11-24T15:06:47.659Z
常用方法
//通过及时偏移量创建一个OffsetDateTime ZonedDateTime和OffsetDateTime区别用法暂时不讲
OffsetDateTime offsetDateTime = now.atOffset(ZoneOffset.MAX);
OffsetDateTime offsetDateTime2 = instant.atOffset(ZoneOffset.ofHours(8));
System.out.println(offsetDateTime);//2021-11-25T09:06:47.659+18:00
OffsetDateTime offsetDateTime1 = now.atOffset(ZoneOffset.of("+06:15"));
//获取毫秒数
long epochMilli = instant.toEpochMilli();
与Date区别,及相互转化
- 官方建议Instant取代Date
- Instant精确到纳秒,Date知道毫秒
- Instant默认UTC时区,从下面转化能看出来
相互转化
public void test() {
//返回默认UTC时区的Instant类对象,与北京差八小时
Instant instant = Instant.now();//2021-11-24T15:36:36.896Z
System.out.println(Date.from(instant));//Wed Nov 24 23:36:36 CST 2021
System.out.println(new Date().toInstant());//2021-11-24T15:36:36.900Z
}
DateTimeFormatter
- 官方建议DateTimeFormatter替代SimpleDateFormatter
- SimpleDateFormatter是线程不安全的类,DateTimeFormatter自然就是安全的
创建方法
//预定义的格式
DateTimeFormatter isoDateTime = DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE_TIME;
//自定义格式(常用)
DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
转成String
Instant instant = Instant.now();
LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now();
//LocalDateTime转String
//Instant不能直接转,须通过LocalDateTime作为中介
//System.out.println(isoDateTime.format(instant));
//两种写法均可
System.out.println(isoDateTime.format(localDateTime));//2021-11-25T01:03:50.244
System.out.println(localDateTime.format(formatter));//2021-11-25 01:03:50
String转LocalDateTime
//string-->LocalDateTime,其余同理
LocalDateTime localDateTime4 = LocalDateTime.parse("2021-09-05 23:59:59", formatter);
System.out.println(localDateTime4);//2021-09-05T23:59:59
相互转化
Instant与Date
Instant instant = Instant.now();
//Instant转Date
Date date = Date.from(instant);
//Date转Instant
Instant instant1 = new Date().toInstant();
Instant与LocalDateTime
LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now();
//LocalDateTime转Instant
//1
Instant instant = localDateTime.atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault()).toInstant();
//2
Instant toInstant = localDateTime.toInstant(ZoneOffset.UTC);
//或者分两步,这边偏移了八小时(个人认为麻烦了点)
Instant instant = Instant.ofEpochSecond(localDateTime.toEpochSecond(ZoneOffset.ofHours(8)));
//Instant转LocalDateTime
//1
LocalDateTime dateTime = LocalDateTime.ofInstant(Instant.now(), ZoneId.systemDefault());
//2
ZoneId zoneId = ZoneId.systemDefault();//A time-zone ID, such as {@code Europe/Paris}.(时区)
LocalDateTime dateTime = instant.atZone(zoneId).toLocalDateTime();
LocalDateTime与Date
//LocalDateTime转换为Date
//先转Instant,再转Date,(参考上面两种方式结合下)下面一行表示其中一种方式
Date date = Date.from(LocalDateTime.now().toInstant(ZoneOffset.UTC));
//Date转LocalDateTime
//先转为Instant,再转为LocalDateTime,(参考上面两种方式结合下)下面一行表示其中一种方式
LocalDateTime localDateTime = new Date().toInstant().atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault()).toLocalDateTime();
第一次尝试写博客,简单总结之前使用新时间过程中的常用方法及注意事项。存在任何问题错误或疑问建议,欢迎提出!