循环控制
判断素数的程序
①以无法证伪来证明是真的
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x;
scanf("%d", &x);
int i;
int isPrime = 1;
for ( i=2; i<x; i++ ) {
if ( x%i == 0 ) {
isPrime = 0;
}
}
if ( isPrime == 1) {
printf ("是素数\n");
} else {
printf("不是素数\n");
}
return 0;
}
但是循环结束后,还会再判断i<x,才结束循环
有没有方法能直接跳出循环?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x;
scanf("%d", &x);
int i;
int isPrime = 1;
for ( i=2; i<x; i++ ) {
if ( x%i == 0 ) {
isPrime = 0;
break;
}
}
if ( isPrime == 1) {
printf ("是素数\n");
} else {
printf("不是素数\n");
}
return 0;
}
break vs continue
- break:跳出循环
- continue:跳过循环这一轮剩下的语句,进入下一轮
②
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x;
scanf("%d", &x);
int i;
//int isPrime = 1;
for ( i=2; i<x; i++ ) {
if ( x%i == 0 ) {
isPrime = 0;
}
}
//if ( isPrime == 1) {
if ( i < x) {
printf ("不是素数\n");
} else {
printf("是素数\n");
}
return 0;
}
嵌套循环
输出100以内的素数
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x;
x = 6;
for (x=2; x<100; x++);
{
int i;
int isPrime = 1;
for ( i=2; i<x; i++ ) {
if ( x%i == 0 ) {
isPrime = 0;
break;
}
}
if ( isPrime == 1) {
printf ("%d", x);
}
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
从嵌套循环中跳出
凑硬币:如何用一角、两角和五角的硬币凑出10元以下的金额
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x;
int one, two, five;
scanf("%", &x);
for (one=1; one<x*10; one++ ) {
for ( two=1; two<x*10/2; two++ ) {
for ( five=1; five<x*10/5; five++) {
if (one + two*2 + five*5 == x*10 ) {
printf("可以用%d个一角加%d个两角加%d个五角得到%d元\n",
one, two, five, x);
}
}
}
}
return 0;
}
如何让程序找到一种组合方法就停止?
如果在printf之后加一个break/continue:之离开了最内层的循环(也就是第三个for循环),其他循环依旧在继续。break和continue只能对他所在的那层循环做跳出。
法1:接力break(教科书)
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x;
int one, two, five;
scanf("%", &x);
for (one=1; one<x*10; one++ ) {
for ( two=1; two<x*10/2; two++ ) {
for ( five=1; five<x*10/5; five++) {
if (one + two*2 + five*5 == x*10 ) {
printf("可以用%d个一角加%d个两角加%d个五角得到%d元\n",
one, two, five, x);
exit = 1;
break;
}
}
if (exit) break;
}
if (exit) break;
}
return 0;
}
法2:goto(传送门)
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x;
int one, two, five;
scanf("%", &x);
for (one=1; one<x*10; one++ ) {
for ( two=1; two<x*10/2; two++ ) {
for ( five=1; five<x*10/5; five++) {
if (one + two*2 + five*5 == x*10 ) {
printf("可以用%d个一角加%d个两角加%d个五角得到%d元\n",
one, two, five, x);
goto out;
}
}
}
}
out;
return 0;
}