深入理解指针(5)

正文开始

1. sizeof和strlen的对⽐

1.1 sizeof

        在学习操作符的时候,我们学习了 sizeof sizeof 计算变量所占内存内存空间⼤⼩的,单位是字节,如果操作数是类型的话,计算的是使⽤类型创建的变量所占内存空间的⼤⼩。
        sizeof 只关注占⽤内存空间的⼤⼩,不在乎内存中存放什么数据。
        ⽐如:
#inculde <stdio.h>

int main()
{
     int a = 10;
     printf("%d\n", sizeof(a));
     printf("%d\n", sizeof a);
     printf("%d\n", sizeof(int));
 
     return 0;
}

1.2 strlen

        strlen 是C语⾔库函数,功能是求字符串⻓度。函数原型如下:
size_t strlen ( const char * str );
        统计的是从 strlen 函数的参数 str 中这个地址开始向后, \0 之前字符串中字符的个数。
        strlen 函数会⼀直向后找 \0 字符,直到找到为⽌,所以可能存在越界查找。
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
     char arr1[3] = {'a', 'b', 'c'};
     char arr2[] = "abc";
     printf("%d\n", strlen(arr1));
     printf("%d\n", strlen(arr2));
 
     printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr1));
     printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr2));
     return 0;
}

1.3 sizeof 和 strlen的对比

sizeof
strlen
1. sizeof是操作符
2. sizeof计算操作数所占内存的大     ⼩,单位是字节
3. 不关注内存中存放什么数据
1. strlen是库函数,使⽤需要包含头⽂
    件 string.h
2. srtlen是求字符串⻓度的,统计的是
     \0 之前字符的个数
3. 关注内存中是否有 \0 ,如果没有 \0 
     ,就会持续往后找,可能 会越界

2. 数组和指针笔试题解析

2.1 ⼀维数组

int a[] = {1,2,3,4};
printf("%d\n",sizeof(a));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(a+0));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(*a));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(a+1));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(a[1]));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(&a));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(*&a));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(&a+1));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(&a[0]));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(&a[0]+1));

2.2 字符数组

        代码1:
char arr[] = {'a','b','c','d','e','f'};
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr+0));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(*arr));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr[1]));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr+1));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr[0]+1));
代码2:
char arr[] = {'a','b','c','d','e','f'};
printf("%d\n", strlen(arr));
printf("%d\n", strlen(arr+0));
printf("%d\n", strlen(*arr));
printf("%d\n", strlen(arr[1]));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr+1));
printf("%d\n",strlen(&arr[0]+1));
代码3:
char arr[] = "abcdef";
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr+0));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(*arr));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr[1]));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr+1));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr[0]+1));
代码4:
char arr[] = "abcdef";
printf("%d\n", strlen(arr));
printf("%d\n", strlen(arr+0));
printf("%d\n", strlen(*arr));
printf("%d\n", strlen(arr[1]));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr+1));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr[0]+1));
代码5:
char *p = "abcdef";
printf("%d\n", sizeof(p));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(p+1));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(*p));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(p[0]));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&p));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&p+1));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&p[0]));
代码6:
char *p = "abcdef";
printf("%d\n", strlen(p));
printf("%d\n", strlen(p+1));
printf("%d\n", strlen(*p));
printf("%d\n", strlen(p[0]));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&p));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&p+1));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&p[0]+1));

2.3 ⼆维数组

int a[3][4] = {0};
printf("%d\n",sizeof(a));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(a[0][0]));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(a[0]));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(a[0]+1));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(*(a[0]+1)));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(a+1));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(*(a+1)));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(&a[0]+1));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(*(&a[0]+1)));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(*a));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(a[3]));
数组名的意义:
1. sizeof(数组名),这⾥的数组名表⽰整个数组,计算的是整个数组的⼤⼩。
2. &数组名,这⾥的数组名表⽰整个数组,取出的是整个数组的地址。
3. 除此之外所有的数组名都表⽰⾸元素的地址。

3. 指针运算笔试题解析

3.1 题目1

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
     int a[5] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
     int *ptr = (int *)(&a + 1);
     printf( "%d,%d", *(a + 1), *(ptr - 1));
     return 0;
}
//程序的结果是什么?

3.2 题目2

//在X86环境下
//假设结构体的⼤⼩是20个字节
//程序输出的结果是啥?
struct Test
{
     int Num;
     char *pcName;
     short sDate;
     char cha[2];
     short sBa[4];
}*p = (struct Test*)0x100000;

int main()
{
     printf("%p\n", p + 0x1);
     printf("%p\n", (unsigned long)p + 0x1);
     printf("%p\n", (unsigned int*)p + 0x1);
     return 0;
}

3.3 题目3

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
     int a[3][2] = { (0, 1), (2, 3), (4, 5) };
     int *p;
     p = a[0];
     printf( "%d", p[0]);
     return 0;
}

3.4 题目4

//假设环境是x86环境,程序输出的结果是啥?
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
     int a[5][5];
     int(*p)[4];
     p = a;
     printf( "%p,%d\n", &p[4][2] - &a[4][2], &p[4][2] - &a[4][2]);
     return 0;
}

3.5 题目5

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
     int aa[2][5] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 };
     int *ptr1 = (int *)(&aa + 1);
     int *ptr2 = (int *)(*(aa + 1));
     printf( "%d,%d", *(ptr1 - 1), *(ptr2 - 1));
     return 0;
}

3.6 题目6

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
     char *a[] = {"work","at","alibaba"};
     char**pa = a;
     pa++;
     printf("%s\n", *pa);
     return 0;
}

3.7 题目7

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
     char *c[] = {"ENTER","NEW","POINT","FIRST"};
     char**cp[] = {c+3,c+2,c+1,c};
     char***cpp = cp;
     printf("%s\n", **++cpp);
     printf("%s\n", *--*++cpp+3);
     printf("%s\n", *cpp[-2]+3);
     printf("%s\n", cpp[-1][-1]+1);
     return 0;
}

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