kubectl命令详解、Pod创建过程、Pod的生命周期、定制Pod、资源对象文件

集群管理命令

命令说明

子命令	说明
help	用于查看命令及子命令的帮助信息
cluster-info	显示集群的相关配置信息
version	查看服务器及客户端的版本信息
api-resources	查看当前服务器上所有的资源对象
api-versions	查看当前服务器上所有资源对象的版本
config	管理当前节点上kubeconfig 的认证信息

help

# 查看帮助命令信息

[root@master ~]# kubectl help version

Print the client and server version information for the current context.

Examples:

  # Print the client and server versions for the current context

  kubectl version

... ...

cluster-info

# 查看集群状态信息

[root@master ~]# kubectl cluster-info 

Kubernetes control plane is running at https://192.168.1.50:6443

CoreDNS is running at https://192.168.1.50:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy

... ...

version

# 查看服务端与客户端版本信息

[root@master ~]# kubectl version

WARNING: This version information is deprecated and will be replaced with the output from kubectl version --short.  Use --output=yaml|json to get the full version.

Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"26", GitVersion:"v1.26.0", GitCommit:"b46a3f887ca979b1a5d14fd39cb1af43e7e5d12d", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2022-12-08T19:58:30Z", GoVersion:"go1.19.4", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}

Kustomize Version: v4.5.7

Server Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"26", GitVersion:"v1.26.0", GitCommit:"b46a3f887ca979b1a5d14fd39cb1af43e7e5d12d", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2022-12-08T19:51:45Z", GoVersion:"go1.19.4", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}

api-resources

# 查看资源对象类型

[root@master ~]# kubectl api-resources 

NAME             SHORTNAMES     APIVERSION      NAMESPACED      KIND

bindings                        v1              true            Binding

endpoints        ep             v1              true            Endpoints

events           ev             v1              true            Event

... ...

api-versions

# 查看资源对象版本

[root@master ~]# kubectl api-versions 

admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1

apiextensions.k8s.io/v1

apiregistration.k8s.io/v1

apps/v1

... ...

config

# 查看当前认证使用的用户及证书

[root@master ~]# kubectl config get-contexts 

CURRENT   NAME                          CLUSTER      AUTHINFO

*         kubernetes-admin@kubernetes   kubernetes   kubernetes-admin

# 使用 view 查看详细配置

[root@master ~]# kubectl config view 

apiVersion: v1

clusters:

- cluster:

    certificate-authority-data: DATA+OMITTED

    server: https://192.168.1.50:6443

  name: kubernetes

contexts:

- context:

    cluster: kubernetes

    user: kubernetes-admin

  name: kubernetes-admin@kubernetes

current-context: kubernetes-admin@kubernetes

kind: Config

preferences: {}

users:

- name: kubernetes-admin

  user:

    client-certificate-data: REDACTED

    client-key-data: REDACTED

主机管理授权

[root@harbor ~]# vim /etc/hosts

192.168.1.30    harbor

192.168.1.50    master

192.168.1.51    node-0001

192.168.1.52    node-0002

192.168.1.53    node-0003

192.168.1.54    node-0004

192.168.1.55    node-0005

[root@harbor ~]# dnf install -y kubectl

[root@harbor ~]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube

[root@harbor ~]# rsync -av master:/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config

[root@harbor ~]# chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

[root@harbor ~]# kubectl get nodes

NAME        STATUS   ROLES           AGE   VERSION

master      Ready    control-plane   24h   v1.26.0

node-0001   Ready    <none>          22h   v1.26.0

node-0002   Ready    <none>          22h   v1.26.0

node-0003   Ready    <none>          22h   v1.26.0

node-0004   Ready    <none>          22h   v1.26.0

node-0005   Ready    <none>          22h   v1.26.0

Pod管理命令

创建Pod

# 创建 Pod

[root@master ~]# kubectl run myweb --image=myos:nginx

pod/myweb created

# 查询资源对象

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide

NAME    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE

myweb   1/1     Running   0          3s    10.244.1.3   node-0001

[root@master ~]# curl http://10.244.1.3

Nginx is running !

Pod 管理命令（一）

子命令	说明	备注
run/create	创建资源对象	可输出资源文件模板
get	查看资源对象的状态信息	常用参数: -o 显示格式
describe	查询资源对象的属性信息
logs	查看容器的报错信息	常用参数: -c 容器名称

get

# 查看 Pod 资源对象

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods

NAME     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE

myweb    1/1     Running   0          10m

# 只查看资源对象的名字

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o name

pod/myweb

# 查看资源对象运行节点的信息

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide

NAME     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE

myweb    1/1     Running   0          10m   10.244.1.3   node-0001

# 查看资源对象详细信息，Yaml 格式

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod myweb -o yaml

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

  name: myweb

... ...

# 查看名称空间

[root@master ~]# kubectl get namespaces 

NAME              STATUS   AGE

default           Active   39h

kube-node-lease   Active   39h

kube-public       Active   39h

kube-system       Active   39h

# 查看 kube-system 名称空间中的 Pod 信息

[root@master ~]# kubectl -n kube-system get pods

NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS      AGE

etcd-master                      1/1     Running   0             39h

kube-apiserver-master            1/1     Running   0             39h

kube-controller-manager-master   1/1     Running   0             39h

kube-scheduler-master            1/1     Running   0             39h

... ...

create

# 创建名称空间资源对象

[root@master ~]# kubectl create namespace work

namespace/work created

# 查看名称空间

[root@master ~]# kubectl get namespaces

NAME              STATUS   AGE

default           Active   39h

kube-node-lease   Active   39h

kube-public       Active   39h

kube-system       Active   39h

work              Active   11s

run

# 创建简单 Pod 资源对象

[root@master ~]# kubectl -n work run myhttp --image=myos:httpd

pod/myhttp created

# 查询资源对象

[root@master ~]# kubectl -n work get pods -o wide

NAME     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE

myhttp   1/1     Running   0          3s    10.244.2.2   node-0002

# 访问验证

[root@master ~]# curl http://10.244.2.2

Welcome to The Apache.

describe

# 查看资源对象的属性信息

[root@master ~]# kubectl describe pod myweb

Name:             myweb

Namespace:        default

Priority:         0

Service Account:  default

Node:             node-0001/192.168.1.51

... ...

Events:

  Type    Reason     Age   From               Message

  ----    ------     ----  ----               -------

  Normal  Scheduled  16m   default-scheduler  Successfully assigned default/myweb to node-0001

  Normal  Pulled     16m   kubelet            Container image "myos:nginx" already present on machine

  Normal  Created    16m   kubelet            Created container myweb

  Normal  Started    16m   kubelet            Started container myweb

# 查看 work 名称空间下的 pod 信息

[root@master ~]# kubectl -n work describe pod myhttp

Name:             myhttp

Namespace:        work

Priority:         0

Service Account:  default

Node:             node-0002/192.168.1.52

... ...

logs

# 访问服务，并查看日志

[root@master ~]# curl http://10.244.1.3/info.php

[root@master ~]# curl http://10.244.2.2/info.php

... ...

# 查看 myweb 日志

[root@master ~]# kubectl logs myweb 

2022/11/12 18:28:54 [error] 7#0: *2 open() "/usr/local/nginx/html/info.php" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 10.244.0.0, server: localhost, request: "GET /info.php HTTP/1.1", host: "10.244.2.12"

# 查看 myhttp 日志

[root@master ~]# kubectl -n work logs myhttp

[root@master ~]# 

Pod 管理命令（二）

子命令	说明	备注
exec	在某一个容器内执行特定的命令	可选参数: -c 容器名称
cp	在容器和宿主机之间拷贝文件或目录	可选参数: -c 容器名称
delete	删除资源对象	可选参数: -l 标签

exec

# 在容器内执行命令

[root@master ~]# kubectl exec myweb -- ls 

50x.html

index.html

[root@master ~]# kubectl exec -it myweb -- /bin/bash

[root@myweb html]# ifconfig eth0

eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1450

        inet 10.244.1.3  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.244.2.255

        ether 3a:32:78:59:ed:25  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)

... ...

cp

# 与容器进行文件或目录传输

[root@master ~]# kubectl cp myweb:/etc/yum.repos.d /root/aaa

tar: Removing leading `/' from member names

[root@master ~]# tree /root/aaa

/root/aaa

├── local.repo

├── Rocky-AppStream.repo

├── Rocky-BaseOS.repo

└── Rocky-Extras.repo

0 directories, 4 files

[root@master ~]# kubectl -n work cp /etc/passwd myhttp:/root/mima

[root@master ~]# kubectl -n exec myweb -- ls /root/

mima

delete

# 删除资源对象

[root@master ~]# kubectl delete pods myweb 

pod "myweb" deleted

# 删除 work 名称空间下所有 Pod 对象

[root@master ~]# kubectl -n work delete pods --all

pod "myhttp" deleted

# 删除名称空间

[root@master ~]# kubectl delete namespaces work 

namespace "work" deleted

资源对象文件

Pod 资源对象文件

[root@master ~]# vim myweb.yaml

---

kind: Pod

apiVersion: v1

metadata:

  name: myweb

spec:

  containers:

  - name: webserver

    image: myos:nginx

资源文件管理命令

子命令	说明	备注
create	创建文件中定义的资源	支持指令式和资源对象文件配置
apply	创建（更新）文件中定义的资源	只支持资源对象文件（声明式）
delete	删除文件中定义的资源	支持指令式和资源对象文件配置

create

# 创建资源对象

[root@master ~]# kubectl create -f myweb.yaml 

pod/myweb created

# 不能更新，重复执行会报错

[root@master ~]# kubectl create -f myweb.yaml 

Error from server (AlreadyExists): error when creating "myweb.yaml": pods "myweb" already exists

delete

# 使用资源对象文件删除

[root@master ~]# kubectl delete -f myhttp.yaml

pod "myhttp" deleted

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods

No resources found in default namespace.

apply

# 创建资源对象

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f myweb.yaml 

pod/myweb created

# 更新资源对象

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f myweb.yaml 

pod/myweb configured

# 删除资源对象

[root@master ~]# kubectl delete -f myweb.yaml 

pod "myweb" deleted

# 拓展提高

# 与 kubectl apply -f myweb.yaml 功能相同

[root@master ~]# cat myweb.yaml |kubectl apply -f -