云原生2--k8s,集群管理

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已于 2023-07-07 17:49:39 修改

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文章标签：云原生 kubernetes 服务器

于 2023-07-07 08:52:16 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Djdhdhskn/article/details/131588998

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k8s集群管理
集群管理命令

命令说明

命令说明
子命令	说明	备注
help	用于查看命令及子命令的帮助信息	 
cluster-info	显示集群的相关配置信息	 
version	查看服务器及客户端的版本信息	 
api-resources	查看当前服务器上所有的资源对象	 
api-versions	查看当前服务器上所有资源对象的版本	 
config	管理当前节点上kubeconfig 的认证信息

help


命令说明
子命令	说明	备注
help	用于查看命令及子命令的帮助信息	 
cluster-info	显示集群的相关配置信息	 
version	查看服务器及客户端的版本信息	 
api-resources	查看当前服务器上所有的资源对象	 
api-versions	查看当前服务器上所有资源对象的版本	 
config	管理当前节点上kubeconfig 的认证信息

cluster-info

# 查看集群状态信息
[root@master ~]# kubectl cluster-info 
Kubernetes control plane is running at https://192.168.1.50:6443
CoreDNS is running at https://192.168.1.50:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy
... ...

version

# 查看服务端与客户端版本信息
[root@master ~]# kubectl version
WARNING: This version information is deprecated and will be replaced with the output from kubectl version --short.  Use --output=yaml|json to get the full version.
Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"26", GitVersion:"v1.26.0", GitCommit:"b46a3f887ca979b1a5d14fd39cb1af43e7e5d12d", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2022-12-08T19:58:30Z", GoVersion:"go1.19.4", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
Kustomize Version: v4.5.7
Server Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"26", GitVersion:"v1.26.0", GitCommit:"b46a3f887ca979b1a5d14fd39cb1af43e7e5d12d", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2022-12-08T19:51:45Z", GoVersion:"go1.19.4", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}

api-resources

# 查看服务端与客户端版本信息
[root@master ~]# kubectl version
WARNING: This version information is deprecated and will be replaced with the output from kubectl version --short.  Use --output=yaml|json to get the full version.
Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"26", GitVersion:"v1.26.0", GitCommit:"b46a3f887ca979b1a5d14fd39cb1af43e7e5d12d", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2022-12-08T19:58:30Z", GoVersion:"go1.19.4", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
Kustomize Version: v4.5.7
Server Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"26", GitVersion:"v1.26.0", GitCommit:"b46a3f887ca979b1a5d14fd39cb1af43e7e5d12d", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2022-12-08T19:51:45Z", GoVersion:"go1.19.4", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}

api-versions

# 查看资源对象版本
[root@master ~]# kubectl api-versions 
admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1
apiextensions.k8s.io/v1
apiregistration.k8s.io/v1
apps/v1
... ...

config

# 查看当前认证使用的用户及证书
[root@master ~]# kubectl config get-contexts 
CURRENT   NAME                          CLUSTER      AUTHINFO           NAMESPACE
*         kubernetes-admin@kubernetes   kubernetes   kubernetes-admin   
# 使用 view 查看详细配置
[root@master ~]# kubectl config view 
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
    certificate-authority-data: DATA+OMITTED
    server: https://192.168.1.50:6443
  name: kubernetes
contexts:
- context:
    cluster: kubernetes
    user: kubernetes-admin
  name: kubernetes-admin@kubernetes
current-context: kubernetes-admin@kubernetes
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: kubernetes-admin
  user:
    client-certificate-data: REDACTED
    client-key-data: REDACTED

主机管理授权

[root@harbor ~]# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.1.30    harbor
192.168.1.50    master
192.168.1.51    node-0001
192.168.1.52    node-0002
192.168.1.53    node-0003
192.168.1.54    node-0004
192.168.1.55    node-0005
[root@harbor ~]# dnf install -y kubectl
[root@harbor ~]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
[root@harbor ~]# rsync -av master:/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
[root@harbor ~]# chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
[root@harbor ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME        STATUS   ROLES           AGE   VERSION
master      Ready    control-plane   24h   v1.26.0
node-0001   Ready    <none>          22h   v1.26.0
node-0002   Ready    <none>          22h   v1.26.0
node-0003   Ready    <none>          22h   v1.26.0
node-0004   Ready    <none>          22h   v1.26.0
node-0005   Ready    <none>          22h   v1.26.0

Pod管理命令

创建Pod

# 创建 Pod
[root@master ~]# kubectl run myweb --image=myos:nginx
pod/myweb created

# 查询资源对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE
myweb   1/1     Running   0          3s    10.244.1.3   node-0001

[root@master ~]# curl http://10.244.1.3
Nginx is running !

Pod 创建过程

Pod 生命周期

Pod管理命令（一）

子命令	说明	备注
run/create	创建资源对象	可输出资源文件模板
get	查看资源对象的状态信息	常用参数: -o 显示格式
describe	查询资源对象的属性信息	 
logs	查看容器的报错信息	常用参数: -c 容器名称

get

# 查看 Pod 资源对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
NAME     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
myweb    1/1     Running   0          10m
# 只查看资源对象的名字
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o name
pod/myweb
# 查看资源对象运行节点的信息
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE
myweb    1/1     Running   0          10m   10.244.1.3   node-0001
# 查看资源对象详细信息，Yaml 格式
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod myweb -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: myweb
... ...
# 查看名称空间
[root@master ~]# kubectl get namespaces 
NAME              STATUS   AGE
default           Active   39h
kube-node-lease   Active   39h
kube-public       Active   39h
kube-system       Active   39h

# 查看 kube-system 名称空间中的 Pod 信息
[root@master ~]# kubectl -n kube-system get pods
NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS      AGE
etcd-master                      1/1     Running   0             39h
kube-apiserver-master            1/1     Running   0             39h
kube-controller-manager-master   1/1     Running   0             39h
kube-scheduler-master            1/1     Running   0             39h
... ...

create

# 创建名称空间资源对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl create namespace work
namespace/work created

# 查看名称空间
[root@master ~]# kubectl get namespaces
NAME              STATUS   AGE
default           Active   39h
kube-node-lease   Active   39h
kube-public       Active   39h
kube-system       Active   39h
work              Active   11s

run

# 创建简单 Pod 资源对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl -n work run myhttp --image=myos:httpd
pod/myhttp created

# 查询资源对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl -n work get pods -o wide
NAME     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE
myhttp   1/1     Running   0          3s    10.244.2.2   node-0002

# 访问验证
[root@master ~]# curl http://10.244.2.2
Welcome to The Apache.

describe

# 创建简单 Pod 资源对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl -n work run myhttp --image=myos:httpd
pod/myhttp created

# 查询资源对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl -n work get pods -o wide
NAME     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE
myhttp   1/1     Running   0          3s    10.244.2.2   node-0002

# 访问验证
[root@master ~]# curl http://10.244.2.2
Welcome to The Apache.

logs

# 访问服务，并查看日志
[root@master ~]# curl http://10.244.1.3/info.php
[root@master ~]# curl http://10.244.2.2/info.php
... ...
# 查看 myweb 日志
[root@master ~]# kubectl logs myweb 
2022/11/12 18:28:54 [error] 7#0: *2 open() "/usr/local/nginx/html/info.php" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 10.244.0.0, server: localhost, request: "GET /info.php HTTP/1.1", host: "10.244.2.12"
# 查看 myhttp 日志
[root@master ~]# kubectl -n work logs myhttp
[root@master ~]#

Pod管理命令（二）

子命令	说明	备注
exec	在某一个容器内执行特定的命令	可选参数: -c 容器名称
cp	在容器和宿主机之间拷贝文件或目录	可选参数: -c 容器名称
delete	删除资源对象	可选参数: -l 标签

exec

# 在容器内执行命令
[root@master ~]# kubectl exec myweb -- ls 
50x.html
index.html
[root@master ~]# kubectl exec -it myweb -- /bin/bash
[root@myweb html]# ifconfig eth0
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1450
        inet 10.244.1.3  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.244.2.255
        ether 3a:32:78:59:ed:25  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
... ...

cp

# 与容器进行文件或目录传输
[root@master ~]# kubectl cp myweb:/etc/yum.repos.d /root/aaa
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
[root@master ~]# tree /root/aaa
/root/aaa
├── local.repo
├── Rocky-AppStream.repo
├── Rocky-BaseOS.repo
└── Rocky-Extras.repo

0 directories, 4 files
[root@master ~]# kubectl -n work cp /etc/passwd myhttp:/root/mima
[root@master ~]# kubectl -n exec myweb -- ls /root/
mima

delete

# 删除资源对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete pods myweb 
pod "myweb" deleted

# 删除 work 名称空间下所有 Pod 对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl -n work delete pods --all
pod "myhttp" deleted

# 删除名称空间
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete namespaces work 
namespace "work" deleted

资源对象文件

Pod资源对象文件

[root@master ~]# vim myweb.yaml
---
kind: Pod
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: myweb
spec:
  containers:
  - name: webserver
    image: myos:nginx

资源文件管理命令

子命令	说明	备注
create	创建文件中定义的资源	支持指令式和资源对象文件配置
apply	创建（更新）文件中定义的资源	只支持资源对象文件（声明式）
delete	删除文件中定义的资源	支持指令式和资源对象文件配置

create

# 创建资源对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl create -f myweb.yaml 
pod/myweb created
# 不能更新，重复执行会报错
[root@master ~]# kubectl create -f myweb.yaml 
Error from server (AlreadyExists): error when creating "myweb.yaml": pods "myweb" already exists

delete

# 使用资源对象文件删除
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete -f myhttp.yaml
pod "myhttp" deleted
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods
No resources found in default namespace.

apply

# 创建资源对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f myweb.yaml 
pod/myweb created
# 更新资源对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f myweb.yaml 
pod/myweb configured
# 删除资源对象
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete -f myweb.yaml 
pod "myweb" deleted

# 拓展提高
# 与 kubectl apply -f myweb.yaml 功能相同
[root@master ~]# cat myweb.yaml |kubectl apply -f -




批量创建web1-web9个pod
vim myweb.yaml
---
kind: Pod
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: myweb
spec:
  containers:
  - name: webserver
    image: myos:nginx
                        

命令行执行下面语句
for i in web{1..9} 
do 
sed  "/myweb/s/myweb/$i/"  myweb.yaml | kubectl apply -f - 
done