Java应用5（克隆）

在 Java 里，对象克隆指的是创建一个与已有对象内容相同的新对象。Java 提供了两种克隆方式：浅克隆和深克隆。下面会详细阐述这两种克隆方式。

浅克隆

浅克隆会创建一个新对象，新对象的属性和原对象相同。若属性是引用类型，新对象和原对象会共享同一个引用。Java 中可通过实现 Cloneable 接口并覆写 clone() 方法达成浅克隆。

以下是浅克隆的示例代码：

class Address {
    String street;
    String city;

    public Address(String street, String city) {
        this.street = street;
        this.city = city;
    }
}

class Person implements Cloneable {
    String name;
    int age;
    Address address;

    public Person(String name, int age, Address address) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.address = address;
    }

    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }
}

public class ShallowCloneExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Address address = new Address("123 Main St", "Anytown");
        Person person1 = new Person("John", 30, address);

        try {
            Person person2 = (Person) person1.clone();

            System.out.println("Original Person: " + person1.name + ", " + person1.age + ", " + person1.address.street + ", " + person1.address.city);
            System.out.println("Cloned Person: " + person2.name + ", " + person2.age + ", " + person2.address.street + ", " + person2.address.city);

            // 修改克隆对象的地址
            person2.address.street = "456 Elm St";
            System.out.println("After modification:");
            System.out.println("Original Person: " + person1.name + ", " + person1.age + ", " + person1.address.street + ", " + person1.address.city);
            System.out.println("Cloned Person: " + person2.name + ", " + person2.age + ", " + person2.address.street + ", " + person2.address.city);
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

在上述示例中，Person 类实现了 Cloneable 接口并重写了 clone() 方法。clone() 方法调用了 super.clone() 来创建一个浅克隆对象。当修改克隆对象的 address 属性时，原对象的 address 属性也会被修改，这是因为它们共享同一个 Address对象的引用。

深克隆

深克隆会创建一个新对象，并且会递归地克隆对象的所有引用类型属性。也就是说，新对象和原对象的所有属性都是独立的。可以通过手动复制引用类型属性来实现深克隆。

以下是深克隆的示例代码：

class Address implements Cloneable {
    String street;
    String city;

    public Address(String street, String city) {
        this.street = street;
        this.city = city;
    }

    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }
}

class Person implements Cloneable {
    String name;
    int age;
    Address address;

    public Person(String name, int age, Address address) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.address = address;
    }

    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Person cloned = (Person) super.clone();
        cloned.address = (Address) address.clone();
        return cloned;
    }
}

public class DeepCloneExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Address address = new Address("123 Main St", "Anytown");
        Person person1 = new Person("John", 30, address);

        try {
            Person person2 = (Person) person1.clone();

            System.out.println("Original Person: " + person1.name + ", " + person1.age + ", " + person1.address.street + ", " + person1.address.city);
            System.out.println("Cloned Person: " + person2.name + ", " + person2.age + ", " + person2.address.street + ", " + person2.address.city);

            // 修改克隆对象的地址
            person2.address.street = "456 Elm St";
            System.out.println("After modification:");
            System.out.println("Original Person: " + person1.name + ", " + person1.age + ", " + person1.address.street + ", " + person1.address.city);
            System.out.println("Cloned Person: " + person2.name + ", " + person2.age + ", " + person2.address.street + ", " + person2.address.city);
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

在这个示例中，Person 类和 Address 类都实现了 Cloneable 接口并重写了 clone() 方法。在 Person 类的 clone() 方法中，除了调用 super.clone() 来克隆自身，还手动克隆了 address 属性。这样，当修改克隆对象的 address 属性时，原对象的 address 属性不会受到影响。