流API
Stream是Java8中处理集合的关键抽象概念,它可以指定你对集合的,可以执行查找、过滤和映射等数据操作。
Stream 使用一种类似用 SQL 语句从数据库查询数据的显示方式提供一种对 Java 集合和来表达的高阶抽象。
(Stream)是流?
数据通道,是一个来自数据源的元素并支持聚合操作。
注意:
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流自己不会存储元素。
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流不会改变源对象。相反,他们会返回一个携带结果的新流。
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Stream 操作是延迟执行的。这意味着他们会等到需要结果的时候才执行。
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操作流的三个步骤
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创建流
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中间操作
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开始操作
创建流
//集合
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
Stream<String> stream = list.stream();
//数组
IntStream stream = Arrays.stream(new int[10]);
//Stream静态方法
Stream<String> a = Stream.of("a", "2", "3");
//创建无限流
Stream<Integer> iterate = Stream.iterate(0, (x) -> x + 2);
流中间操作
一条溪流可以有多个中间操作,形成一条水线,连续执行一条婴儿流操作。
1、过滤器(谓词p)
接收 Lambda ,从流中某些元素
Stream<String> stream = Stream.of("abc", "122", "lemon","haha");
stream = stream.filter((e)->{
System.out.println("filter中间操作");
return e.length() > 3;
});
stream.forEach(System.out::println);
2、区别()
筛选,通过流所生成元素的 hashCode() 和 equals() 消除重复元素
Stream<String> stream = Stream.of("abc","abc", "122", "lemon","haha","abc");
stream = stream.distinct();
stream.forEach(System.out::println);
3、限制
断流数量,使元素不超过给定。
Stream<String> stream = Stream.of("abc","abc", "122", "lemon","haha","abc");
stream = stream.distinct().limit(2);
stream.forEach(System.out::println);
4、skip(long n)
跳过元素,跳过前N个元素,与limit(n)互补
Stream<String> stream = Stream.of("abc","abc", "122", "lemon","haha","abc");
stream = stream.skip(2);
stream.forEach(System.out::println);
5、地图(功能f)
接收一个函数作为参数,该函数会被应用到每个元素上,并将其映射成一个新的元素。
Stream<String> stream = Stream.of("abc","abc", "122", "lemon","haha","abc");
stream = stream.map((e) -> e.toUpperCase());
stream.forEach(System.out::println);
6、flatMap(函数f)
接收一个函数参数,将流中的每个值都换成另一个流,然后把所有流连接成一个流
Stream<String> stream = Stream.of("abc","abc", "122", "lemon","haha","abc");
stream.flatMap((e) -> {
String[] split = e.split("");
return Stream.of(split);
}).forEach(System.out::println);
7、排序()
产生一个新流,其中自然按顺序示例。
Stream<String> stream = Stream.of("abc","abc", "122", "lemon","haha","abc");
stream.sorted().forEach(System.out::println);
8、排序(Comparator comp)
产生一个新的,其中按比较器顺序流(定制示例)
Stream<String> stream = Stream.of("abc","abc", "122", "lemon","haha","abc");
stream.sorted(Comparator.comparingInt(String::length)).forEach(System.out::println);
Stream的终止操作
1、计数()
返回流中元素总数
Stream<String> stream = Stream.of("abc","abc", "122", "lemon","haha","abc");
long count = stream.sorted(Comparator.comparingInt(String::length)).count();
System.out.println(count);
2、max(比较器c)
返回流中等级
Stream<String> stream = Stream.of("123","1234", "12345", "123456","1234567","aaaaaaaaaa");
Optional<String> max = stream.max(Comparator.comparingInt(String::length));
System.out.println(max.get());
3、min(比较器c)
返回流中电话
Stream<String> stream = Stream.of("123","1234", "12345", "123456","1234567","aaaaaaaaaa");
Optional<String> min = stream.min(Comparator.comparingInt(String::length));
System.out.println(min.get());
4、forEach(消费者c)
内部的
Stream<String> stream = Stream.of("123","1234", "12345", "123456","1234567","aaaaaaaaaa");
stream.forEach(System.out::println);
5、reduce(T iden, BinaryOperator b)
将流中元素结合起来,得到一个值,返回T
Stream<Integer> stream = Stream.of(1,2,3,4,5);
int result = stream.reduce(0, (x, y) -> {
return x + y;
});
System.out.println(result);