Foundation中的字典(NSDictionary,NSMutableDictionary)是由键-值对组成的数据集合.正如,我们在字典里查找单词的定义一样,通过key(键),查找的对应的value(值),key通常是字符串对象,也可以是其他任意类型对象.在一个字典对象中,key的值必须是唯一的.此外,字典对象的键和值不可以为空(nil),如果需要在字典中加入一个空值,可以加入NSNull对象。
简单的使用代码如下:
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
//1、用一个或多个键值对初始化一个字典对象: 以值,建,值,键,...,nil的顺序
//不可变字典
NSDictionary *dic01=[[NSDictionary alloc] initWithObjectsAndKeys:@"key0",@"value0",@"key1",@"value1",@"key2",@"value2", nil];
NSLog(@"dic01:%@",dic01);
//2.用两个数组初始化一个字典,一个key数组,一个value数组,两个数组大小必须相等,否则Crash
NSArray *keyArray=@[@"name0",@"name1",@"name2"];
NSArray *valueArray=@[@"hong",@"wang",@"zhao"];
NSDictionary *dic02=[[NSDictionary alloc]initWithObjects:keyArray forKeys:valueArray];
NSDictionary *dic2=[[NSDictionary alloc]initWithObjects:valueArray forKeys:keyArray];
NSLog(@"dic02:%@",dic02);
NSLog(@"dic2:%@",dic2);
//3、用一个数据字典初始化另一个数据字
NSDictionary *dict03=[[NSDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:dic01];
NSDictionary *dict3=[NSDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:dic01];
NSLog(@"dict03:%@",dict03);
NSLog(@"dict3:%@",dict3);
//4.字典对象的创建和保存-文件
// [dict3 writeToFile:@"/Users/moonvan2006/Desktop/new/tesk.txt" atomically:YES];
NSDictionary *dict4=[NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:@"/Users/moonvan2006/Desktop/new/tesk.txt"];
NSLog(@"dict4:%@",dict4);
//字典对象元素的访问
//1、分别获取字典的所有键、值
NSArray *allkeys=[dic01 allKeys];
NSLog(@"allkeys:%@",allkeys);
NSArray *allvalues=[dic01 allValues];
NSLog(@"allvalues:%@",allvalues);
//2、通过指定的key取对应的value对象,没有这个key的话.返回nil
NSString *num1 = [dic01 objectForKey:@"value1"];
NSNumber *num2 = [dic01 objectForKey:@"key5"];
NSLog(@"%@",num1);
NSLog(@"%@",num2);
//3、获取字典中键值对的个数
NSUInteger paircount=[dic2 count];
NSLog(@"%lu",paircount);
//4.字典的遍历
for(id key in dic01){
id value=[dic01 objectForKey:key];
NSLog(@"%@=%@",key,value);
}
//可变数据字典
NSMutableDictionary *mDict1=[NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"aaa",@"name0",@"bbb",@"name1",@"ccc",@"name2", nil];
NSLog(@"%@",mDict1);
//1、加入元素到NSMutableDictionary中 (注意:当key值中存在要添加的键值对中的key值时,则添加,否则覆盖)
[mDict1 setObject:@"ddd" forKey:@"name3"];
[mDict1 setObject:@"eee" forKey:@"name1"];
NSLog(@"add: %@",mDict1);
//2、查看 中所有元素个数:
NSLog(@"%lu",mDict1.count);
NSNumber *num3 =[mDict1 objectForKey:@"name1"];
NSLog(@"%@",num3);
NSNumber *num4 = [mDict1 objectForKey:@"name10"];
NSLog(@"%@",num4);
//3、添加其他NSMutableDictionary
[mDict1 setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:dic01];
NSLog(@"++++%@",mDict1);
//4、根据key值删除
[mDict1 removeObjectForKey:@"name1"];
NSLog(@"---%@",mDict1);
//5、删除所有
[mDict1 removeAllObjects];
NSLog(@"%@",mDict1);
}
return 0;
}