一.访问JSON数据
1.普通访问—用.来访问
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>你可以使用点号(.)来访问 JSON 对象的值:</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
var myObj, x;
myObj = {
"name":"runoob",
"alexa":10000,
"site":null
};
x = myObj.name;
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = x;
</script>
</body>
</html>
2.用数组[string]来访问
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>你也可以使用中括号([])来访问 JOSN 对象的值:</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
var myObj, x;
myObj = myObj = {
"name":"runoob",
"alexa":10000,
"site":null
};
x = myObj["name"];
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = x;
</script>
</body>
</html>
二.循环访问
1.用for - in 来访问
注意:for - in–循环数组是打印的索引
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
var myObj={
"name":"runoob",
"alexa":1000,
"site":null
}
for(x in myObj){
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML+=x+"<br>"
}
for(x in myObj){
console.log(x)
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
2.For-in-循环时,使用([])来访问属性
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
var myObj={
"name":"runoob",
"alexa":1000,
"site":null
}
for (x in myObj) {
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML += myObj[x] + "<br>";
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
三.嵌套JSON对象
JSON对象中可以包含另一个JSON对象
还可以嵌套:字符串,布尔值,数组,对象
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>访问 JSON 内嵌对象。</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
myObj = {
"name":"runoob",
"alexa":10000,
"sites": {
"site1":"www.runoob.com",
"site2":"m.runoob.com",
"site3":"c.runoob.com"
}
}
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML += myObj.sites.site1 + "<br>";
// 或者
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML += myObj.sites["site1"];
</script>
</body>
</html>
四.修改值
1.使用.来修改JSON对象的值
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>修改 JSON 对象的值。</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
var myObj, i, x = "";
myObj = {
"name":"runoob",
"alexa":10000,
"sites": {
"site1":"www.runoob.com",
"site2":"m.runoob.com",
"site3":"c.runoob.com"
}
}
myObj.sites.site1 = "www.google.com";
for (i in myObj.sites) {
x += myObj.sites[i] + "<br>";
}
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = x;
</script>
</body>
</html>
2.使用[…]来修改JSON对象的值
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>使用中括号([])来修改 JSON 对象的值。</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
var myObj, i, x = "";
myObj = {
"name":"runoob",
"alexa":10000,
"sites": {
"site1":"www.runoob.com",
"site2":"m.runoob.com",
"site3":"c.runoob.com"
}
}
myObj.sites["site1"] = "www.google.com";
for (i in myObj.sites) {
x += myObj.sites[i] + "<br>";
}
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = x;
</script>
</body>
</html>
五.删除对象属性
1.使用delete关键字来删除JSON对象的属性
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>删除 JSON 对象属性。</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
var myObj, i, x = "";
myObj = {
"name":"runoob",
"alexa":10000,
"sites": {
"site1":"www.runoob.com",
"site2":"m.runoob.com",
"site3":"c.runoob.com"
}
}
delete myObj.sites.site1;
for (i in myObj.sites) {
x += myObj.sites[i] + "<br>";
}
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = x;
</script>
</body>
</html>
2.使用[…]来删除JSON对象的属性
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>删除 JSON 对象属性。</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
var myObj, i, x = "";
myObj = {
"name":"runoob",
"alexa":10000,
"sites": {
"site1":"www.runoob.com",
"site2":"m.runoob.com",
"site3":"c.runoob.com"
}
}
delete myObj.sites["site1"];
for (i in myObj.sites) {
x += myObj.sites[i] + "<br>";
}
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = x;
</script>
</body>
</html>
六.数组
JSON 中数组值必须是合法的 JSON 数据类型(字符串, 数字, 对象, 数组, 布尔值或 null)
1.JSON对象中的数组
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>访问 JSON 对象数组值。</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
var myObj, x;
myObj = {
"name":"网站",
"num":3,
"sites":[ "Google", "Runoob", "Taobao" ]
}
x = myObj.sites[0];
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = x;
</script>
</body>
</html>
2.循环数组
1.使用for…in…来访问
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>你可以使用 for-in 来访问数组:</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
var myObj, i, x = "";
myObj = {
"name":"网站",
"num":3,
"sites":[ "Google", "Runoob", "Taobao" ]
};
for (i in myObj.sites) {
x += myObj.sites[i] + "<br>";
}
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = x;
</script>
</body>
</html>
2.使用for循环
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>使用 for 循环访问数组:</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
var myObj, i, x = "";
myObj = {
"name":"网站",
"num":3,
"sites":[ "Google", "Runoob", "Taobao" ]
};
for (i = 0; i < myObj.sites.length; i++) {
x += myObj.sites[i] + "<br>";
}
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = x;
</script>
</body>
</html>
3.嵌套JSON对象中的数组
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>使用 for 循环访问数组:</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
var myObj, i, x = "";
myObj = {
"name":"网站",
"num":3,
"sites":[ "Google", "Runoob", "Taobao" ]
};
for (i = 0; i < myObj.sites.length; i++) {
x += myObj.sites[i] + "<br>";
}
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = x;
</script>
</body>
</html>
4.修改数组值
使用索引值来修改数组值
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>修改 JSON 对象数组值。</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
var myObj, i, x = "";
myObj = {
"name":"网站",
"num":3,
"sites":[ "Google", "Runoob", "Taobao" ]
};
myObj.sites[1] = "Github";
for (i in myObj.sites) {
x += myObj.sites[i] + "<br>";
}
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = x;
</script>
</body>
</html>
5.删除数组元素
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>删除数组元素</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
var myObj, i, x = "";
myObj = {
"name":"网站",
"num":3,
"sites":[ "Google", "Runoob", "Taobao" ]
};
delete myObj.sites[1];
for (i in myObj.sites) {
x += myObj.sites[i] + "<br>";
}
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = x;
</script>
</body>
</html>
7.JSON.parse()
JSON通常用于服务端交换数据。
在接受服务器数据时一般是字符串
使用JSON.parse()将数据转换为js对象
语法:
JSON.parse(text[, reviver])
参数说明:
- text:一个有效的JSON字符串
- reviver:一个转换结果的函数,将为对象的每个成员调用此函数
2.解析实例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>从 JSON 对象中创建 JavaScript 对象</h2>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
var obj = JSON.parse('{ "name":"runoob", "alexa":10000, "site":"www.runoob.com" }');
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = obj.name + ":" + obj.site;
</script>
</body>
</html>
3.从服务端接受JSON数据
使用AJAX从服务器请求JSON数据,并解析JS对象
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>使用 XMLHttpRequest 来获取文件内容</h2>
<p>文件内容是标准的 JSON 格式,可以使用 JSON.parse 方法将其转换为 JavaScript 对象。</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
var xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) {
myObj = JSON.parse(this.responseText);
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = myObj.name;
}
};
xmlhttp.open("GET", "/try/ajax/json_demo.txt", true);
xmlhttp.send();
</script>
<p>查看 JSON 文件数据 <a href="/try/ajax/json_demo.txt" target="_blank">json_demo.txt</a></p>
</body>
</html>
4.异常
1.解析数据
JSON不能存储Date对象,需要将其转换为字符串,再将字符串转换为Date对象
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>将字符串转换为 Date 对象。</h2>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
var text = '{
"name":"Runoob",
"initDate":"2013-12-14",
"site":"www.runoob.com"
}';
var obj = JSON.parse(text);
obj.initDate = new Date(obj.initDate);
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = obj.name + "创建日期: " + obj.initDate;
</script>
</body>
</html>
启用JSON parse的第二个参数reviver,一个转换结果的函数,对象的每个成员都调用
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>字符串转换为 Date 对象</h2>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
var text = '{ "name":"Runoob", "initDate":"2013-12-14", "site":"www.runoob.com"}';
var obj = JSON.parse(text, function (key, value) {
if (key == "initDate") {
return new Date(value);
} else {
return value;
}});
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = obj.name + "创建日期:" + obj.initDate;
</script>
</body>
</html>
2.解析函数
JSON不允许包含函数,但你可以将函数作为字符串存储,之后再将字符串转化为函数
不建议在JSON中使用函数
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>字符串转换为函数</h2>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
var text = '{
"name":"Runoob",
"alexa":"function () {return 10000;}",
"site":"www.runoob.com"
}';
var obj = JSON.parse(text);
obj.alexa = eval("(" + obj.alexa + ")");
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = obj.name + " Alexa 排名:" + obj.alexa();
</script>
</body>
</html>
8.JSON.stringify
向服务器发送数据。使用JSON.stringify()将js转换为字符串
语法:
- value:要转换的js值(通常为对象和数组)
- replacer:用于转换结果的函数或数组。
如果 replacer 为函数,则 JSON.stringify 将调用该函数,并传入每个成员的键和值。使用返回值而不是原始值。如果此函数返回 undefined,则排除成员。根对象的键是一个空字符串:“”。
如果 replacer 是一个数组,则仅转换该数组中具有键值的成员。成员的转换顺序与键在数组中的顺序一样。当 value 参数也为数组时,将忽略 replacer 数组。
- space: 文本添加缩进和空格。数字:用于缩进
JSON.stringify(value[, replacer[, space]])
1.JS对象转换
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>将 JavaScript 对象转换为 JSON 字符串</h2>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
var obj = { "name":"runoob", "alexa":10000, "site":"www.runoob.com"};
var myJSON = JSON.stringify(obj);
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = myJSON;
</script>
</body>
</html>
2.JS数组转化
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>将 JavaScript 数组转换为 JSON 对象</h2>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
var arr = [ "Google", "Runoob", "Taobao", "Facebook" ];
var myJSON = JSON.stringify(arr);
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = myJSON;
</script>
</body>
</html>
3.异常
3.1 解析数据
JSON不能存储Date对象,stringfiy将所有日期转换为字符串,之后将字符串转换为Date对象
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>JSON.stringify 将 Date 对象转换为字符串</h2>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
var obj = { "name":"Runoob", "initDate":new Date(), "site":"www.runoob.com"};
var myJSON = JSON.stringify(obj);
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = myJSON;
</script>
</body>
</html>
3.2解析函数
JSON不允许包含函数,stringify会删除js对象的函数,包括key和value
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>JSON.stringify 将删除对象中的函数</h2>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
var obj = { "name":"Runoob", "alexa":function () {return 10000;}, "site":"www.runoob.com"};
var myJSON = JSON.stringify(obj);
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = myJSON;
</script>
</body>
</html>
执行stringify函数前将函数转换为字符串来避免以上问题的发生:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>JSON.stringify 将移除对象中的函数</h2>
<p>我们可以在执行 JSON.stringify() 函数前将函数转换为字符串来保留函数。</p>
<p id="demo"></p>
<script>
var obj = { "name":"Runoob", "alexa":function () {return 10000;}, "site":"www.runoob.com"};
obj.alexa = obj.alexa.toString();
var myJSON = JSON.stringify(obj);
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = myJSON;
</script>
</body>
</html>
9.JSON使用
1.把JSON文本转换为JS对象
JSON 最常见的用法之一,是从 web 服务器上读取 JSON 数据(作为文件或作为 HttpRequest),将 JSON 数据转换为 JavaScript 对象,然后在网页中使用该数据
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>从 JSON 字符串中创建对象</h2>
<p>
网站名: <span id="name"></span><br>
网站地址: <span id="url"></span><br>
</p>
<script>
var txt = '{ "sites" : [' +
'{ "name":"菜鸟教程" , "url":"www.runoob.com" },' +
'{ "name":"google" , "url":"www.google.com" },' +
'{ "name":"微博" , "url":"www.weibo.com" } ]}';
var obj = eval ("(" + txt + ")");
document.getElementById("name").innerHTML=obj.sites[0].name
document.getElementById("url").innerHTML=obj.sites[0].url
</script>
</body>
</html>
2.JSON解析器
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>从 JSON 字符串中创建对象</h2>
<p>
网站名: <span id="name"></span><br>
网站地址: <span id="url"></span><br>
</p>
<script>
var txt = '{ "sites" : [' +
'{ "name":"菜鸟教程" , "url":"www.runoob.com" },' +
'{ "name":"google" , "url":"www.google.com" },' +
'{ "name":"微博" , "url":"www.weibo.com" } ]}';
obj = JSON.parse(txt);
document.getElementById("name").innerHTML=obj.sites[0].name
document.getElementById("url").innerHTML=obj.sites[0].url
</script>
</body>
</html>