树状数组 公式推导 poj 1990 MooFest

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MooFest Time Limit: 1000MS   Memory Limit: 30000K Total Submissions: 5918   Accepted: 2591 Description Every year, Farmer John's N (1 <= N <= 20,000) cows attend "MooFest",a social gathering of cows from around the world. MooFest involves a variety of events including haybale stacking, fence jumping, pin the tail on the farmer, and of course, mooing. When the cows all stand in line for a particular event, they moo so loudly that the roar is practically deafening. After participating in this event year after year, some of the cows have in fact lost a bit of their hearing.  Each cow i has an associated "hearing" threshold v(i) (in the range 1..20,000). If a cow moos to cow i, she must use a volume of at least v(i) times the distance between the two cows in order to be heard by cow i. If two cows i and j wish to converse, they must speak at a volume level equal to the distance between them times max(v(i),v(j)).  Suppose each of the N cows is standing in a straight line (each cow at some unique x coordinate in the range 1..20,000), and every pair of cows is carrying on a conversation using the smallest possible volume.  Compute the sum of all the volumes produced by all N(N-1)/2 pairs of mooing cows.  Input * Line 1: A single integer, N  * Lines 2..N+1: Two integers: the volume threshold and x coordinate for a cow. Line 2 represents the first cow; line 3 represents the second cow; and so on. No two cows will stand at the same location.  Output * Line 1: A single line with a single integer that is the sum of all the volumes of the conversing cows.  Sample Input 4 3 1 2 5 2 6 4 3 Sample Output 57 Source USACO 2004 U S Open

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思路: 树状数组

分析:

1 题目给定n头牛的听力v[i]. 现在规定两头你i和j如果要进行交流的话那么消耗的能量就是dis(i,j)*max(v[i].v[j])，现在问n头牛总共的n*(n-1)*2种方式消耗的总的能量

2 题目要求的是所有的牛的交流方式的总的消耗能量

   看这个样例

   3 1

   2 5 

   2 6

   4 3

   那么所有的区间为[1.3],[1,5],[1,6],[3,5],[3,6],[5,6]

   那么总和为4*dis[1.3]+3*dis[1,5]+3*dis[1,6]+4*dis[3,5]+4*dis[3,6]+2*dis[5,6] = 4*(dis[1.3]+dis[3,5]+dis[3,6])+3*(dis[1,5]+dis[1,6])+2*(dis[5,6]);

   那么题目要求的ans = ∑(v[i]*(所有比v[i]小的牛的坐标的总和))

3 那么我们来分解这个式子，我们对点按照音量的值从小到大排完序之后

   那么对于任一的一点i，i之前的牛的音量值肯定小于v[i]，但是坐标的值可能比x[i]大也可能比x[i]小，因此我们应该分成两部分来考虑，就是坐标是i的左边和右边

   首先考虑左边的情况，假设左边比小于等于v[i]的牛有三头坐标分别为a b c，那么左边的值就是v[i]*(x[i]-a)+v[i]*(x[i]-b)+v[i]*(x[i]-c) => v[i]*(3*x[i]-(a+b+c))

   那么我们假设左边小于v[i]的牛有countLeft头，总的坐标为totalLeft，那么左边的值为v[i]*(countLeft*x[i]-totalLeft);

   接下来考虑右边的情况，由于我们已经按照v的值排序，那么我们能够很好的计算出小于等于v[i]的音量值的总的坐标之后，我们设为totalDis，那么根据左边求出的小于

   等于v[i]的个数为countLeft，那么右边的个数为i-countLeft，那么同理右边的坐标之和为totalDis-totalLeft , 那么右边的值为v[i]*(totalDis-totalLeft-(i-countLeft)*x[i]);

   那么对于排序后的第i头牛来说比它小的音量的牛的值为v[i]*(countLeft*x[i]-totalLeft)+v[i]*(totalDis-totalLeft-(i-countLeft)*x[i]);

4 我们已经知道了公式，现在我们只要去求countLeft和totalLeft即可，由于我们已经按照v的值排序， 那么我们只要对坐标建立两个树状数组即可。一个用来存储个数，一个用来存储坐标之和，那么对于第i头牛来说我们就能够在O(logn)的时间内求出countLeft和totalLeft

代码:

#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;

typedef long long int64;
const int MAXN = 20010;

struct Node{
    int x;
    int v;
    bool operator<(const Node& s)const{
        return v < s.v; 
    }
};
Node node[MAXN];
int n;
int treeCount[MAXN];
int treeDis[MAXN];

int lowbit(int x){
    return x&(-x);
}

int64 getSum(int x , int *arr){
    int64 sum = 0;
    while(x){
         sum += arr[x];
         x -= lowbit(x);
    }
    return sum;
}

void add(int x , int val , int *arr){
    while(x < MAXN){
         arr[x] += val; 
         x += lowbit(x); 
    }
}

int64 solve(){
    int64 ans = 0;
    int64 totalDis = 0;
    memset(treeCount , 0 , sizeof(treeCount));
    memset(treeDis , 0 , sizeof(treeDis));
    sort(node , node+n);

    for(int i = 0 ; i < n ; i++){
        int64 count = getSum(node[i].x , treeCount); 
        int64 dis = getSum(node[i].x , treeDis);
        // left
        ans += node[i].v*(count*node[i].x-dis);
        // right
        ans += node[i].v*((totalDis-dis-(i-count)*node[i].x));
        // update 
        totalDis += node[i].x;
        add(node[i].x , 1 , treeCount);
        add(node[i].x , node[i].x , treeDis);
    }
    return ans;
}

int main(){
    while(scanf("%d" , &n) != EOF){
         for(int i = 0 ; i < n ; i++) 
             scanf("%d%d" , &node[i].v , &node[i].x);
         printf("%lld\n" , solve());
    }
    return 0;
}