网络编程概述
网络通信要素概述
网络编程中2个主要的问题:
1、如何准确地定位网络上一台或多台主机;定位主机上的特定应用(IP和端口号)
2、找到主机后如何可靠高效地进行数据传输(网络协议)
网络编程中的2个要素:
1、IP和端口号(对应问题1)
2、提供网络通信协议(对应问题2)
视频621(IP的理解与InetAddress的实例化)
通信要素一:IP和端口号
* 1. IP:唯一的标识 Internet 上的计算机(通信实体)
* 2. 在Java中使用InetAddress类代表IP
* 3. IP分类:IPv4 和 IPv6 ; 万维网 和 局域网
* 4. 域名: www.baidu.com www.mi.com www.sina.com www.jd.com
* www.vip.com
* 5. 本地回路地址:127.0.0.1 对应着:localhost
* 6. 如何实例化InetAddress:两个方法:getByName(String host)【写域名或IP地址】 、 getLocalHost()【获取本机的】
* 两个常用方法:getHostName() 域名/ getHostAddress() IP地址
*
* 7. 端口号:正在计算机上运行的进程。(要求:不同的进程有不同的端口号) 范围:被规定为一个 16 位的整数 0~65535。
* 8. 端口号与IP地址的组合得出一个网络套接字:Socket
* (网络通信也称为socket通信,socket编程)(Socket + 通信协议 == 实现)
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
InetAddress byName = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
InetAddress inet1 = InetAddress.getByName("192.168.10.14");
System.out.println(inet1);
InetAddress inet2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.atguigu.com");
System.out.println(inet2);
InetAddress inet3 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inet3);
InetAddress inet4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inet4);
System.out.println(inet2.getHostName());
System.out.println(inet2.getHostAddress());
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
IP和端口号
获取本地ip
InetAddress inet4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println("local:" + inet4); local:张建琳/192.168.5.8
网络协议
视频621 TCP和UDP网络通信协议的对比
TCP:3次握手、4次挥手
UDP
TCP网络编程
视频624 TCP网络编程例题1
1.客户端发送内容给服务端,服务端将内容打印到控制台上。
客户端
1.创建Socket对象,指明服务器端的ip和端口号
InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getByName("192.168.5.8");
Socket socket = new Socket(inet,9999);
2.获取一个输出流,用于输出数据
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
3.写出数据的操作
os.write("你好,我是客户端".getBytes());
4.资源的关闭
服务器端
1.创建服务器端的ServerSocket,指明自己的端口号
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(7788);
2.调用accept()表示接收来自于客户端的socket
Socket socket = ss.accept();
3.获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
4.读取输入流中的数据
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[5];
int len;
while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
======================================================================================================
@Test
public void client() {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getByName("192.168.5.8");
socket = new Socket(inet,7788);
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好,我是客户端".getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if(os != null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(socket != null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
@Test
public void server() {
ServerSocket ss = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
ss = new ServerSocket(7788);
socket = ss.accept();
is = socket.getInputStream();
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[5];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
System.out.println("收到了来自于:" + socket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress() + "的数据");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (baos != null) {
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is != null) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (ss != null) {
try {
ss.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
视频625 TCP网络编程例题2
客户端发送文件给服务端,服务端将文件保存在本地
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好,照片已收到,非常漂亮!".getBytes());
视频626 TCP网络编程例题3
从客户端发送文件给服务端,服务端保存到本地。并返回“发送成功”给客户端。并关闭相应的连接
UDP网络编程
package Test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.*;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
public class UDPClient {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
String str = "hello world!";
byte[] bytes = str.getBytes();
InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getByName("高浩杰");
DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length, inet, 999);
socket.send(datagramPacket);
socket.close();
}
}
package Test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UDPServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(999);
byte[] bytes = new byte[90];
DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
socket.receive(datagramPacket);
System.out.println(new String(datagramPacket.getData(),0,datagramPacket.getLength()));
socket.close();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(999);
byte[] bytes = new byte[10];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes, bytes.length);
System.out.println("等待接收数据。。。。。。。。。。");
while (true) {
socket.receive(packet);
System.out.println(new String((packet.getData()), 0, packet.getLength()));
String s = new String((packet.getData()), 0, packet.getLength());
if (s.equals("exit")) {
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
URL编程
package com.atguigu.java1;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
/**
* URL网络编程
* 1.URL:统一资源定位符,对应着互联网的某一资源地址
* 2.格式:
* http://localhost:8080/examples/beauty.jpg?username=Tom
* 协议 主机名 端口号 资源地址 参数列表
*
* @author shkstart
* @create 2019 下午 4:47
*/
public class URLTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/examples/beauty.jpg?username=Tom");
// public String getProtocol( ) 获取该URL的协议名
System.out.println(url.getProtocol());
// public String getHost( ) 获取该URL的主机名
System.out.println(url.getHost());
// public String getPort( ) 获取该URL的端口号
System.out.println(url.getPort());
// public String getPath( ) 获取该URL的文件路径
System.out.println(url.getPath());
// public String getFile( ) 获取该URL的文件名
System.out.println(url.getFile());
// public String getQuery( ) 获取该URL的查询名
System.out.println(url.getQuery());
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}