Json
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概念：JavaScript object Notation JavaScript对象表示法
Java对象功能：
Person p = new Person();
p.setName(“张三”)；
p.setGender(“男”)；
JavaScript 用json实现
例子：
var p = {“name”:“张三”,“age”:23,“gender”:“男”}；
现在Json有更广泛的应用：
JSON 是存储和交换文本信息的语法。类似 XML。
JSON 比 XML 更小、更快，更易解析。
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语法：
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基本规则
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数据再名称/值对中：json数据是由键值对构成的
* 键用引号引起来，也可不用引号
* 值的取值类型
1. 数字（整数或浮点数） 2. 字符串（在双引号中） 3. 逻辑值（true,false） 4. 数组（方括号中） 5. 对象（花括号中） 6. null -
数据用逗号分隔：多个
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花括号保存对象：用{}
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方括号保存数据：[ ]
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例子源码：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
</body>
<script>
//1.定义基本格式，要加都加引号
var person = {name:"张三",age:23,gender:true};
//2.嵌套格式 {}-->[]
var persons = {
"persons":[
{"name":"李四","age":23,"gender":true},
{"name":"王五","age":44,"gender":false},
{"name":"赵六","age":19,"gender":true}
]
};
//[]-->{}
var ps = [{"name":"李四","age":23,"gender":true},
{"name":"王五","age":44,"gender":false},
{"name":"赵六","age":19,"gender":true}
];
</script>
</html>
- 获取数据：
- json对象.键名
- json对象[“键名”]
- 数组对象[索引]
再上面的基础上获取一些数据的代码：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
</body>
<script>
//1.定义基本格式，要加都加引号
var person = {name:"张三",age:23,gender:true};
//获取name的值
var name = person.name;
person["name"];
//2.嵌套格式 {}-->[]
var persons = {
"persons":[
{"name":"李四","age":23,"gender":true},
{"name":"王五","age":44,"gender":false},
{"name":"赵六","age":19,"gender":true}
]
};
//获取王五
persons.persons[2].name
//[]-->{}
var ps = [{"name":"李四","age":23,"gender":true},
{"name":"王五","age":44,"gender":false},
{"name":"赵六","age":19,"gender":true}
];
//获取数组中的第二个值的name
ps[1].name;
</script>
</html>
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json的遍历
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> </body> <script> //1.定义基本格式，要加都加引号 var person = {name:"张三",age:23,gender:true}; var ps = [{"name":"李四","age":23,"gender":true}, {"name":"王五","age":44,"gender":false}, {"name":"赵六","age":19,"gender":true} ]; //获取person对象中所有的键和值 //for in for(var key in person){ //key默认获取是字符串，遍历用第二种获取方法 alert(key + ":" + person[key]); } //数组遍历，获取ps中所有值 for(var i = 0;i<ps.length;i++){ var p = ps[i]; for(var key in p){ alert(key + ":" + p[key]); } } </script> </html> -
Json数据和Java对象的相互转换
- JSON解析器：
- 常见解析器：Jsonlib,Gson,fastjson,jackson(spring有内置)
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JSON转为Java对象
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导入jackson的相关jar包
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创建Jackson核心对象 objectMapper
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调用objectMapper的相关方法进行转换
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readValue(Json字符串,class)
//json对象转为Java对象 @Test public void test4() throws Exception { //1.初始化Json字符串 String json = "{\"gender\":\"男\",\"name\":\"张三\",\"age\":23}"; //2.创建ObjectMapper对象 ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(); //转换为java对象 Person person = mapper.readValue(json,Person.class); System.out.println(person); }
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Java对象转为JSON
- 使用步骤：
- 导入jackson的相关jar包
- 创建Jackson核心对象 objectMapper
- 调用objectMapper的相关方法进行转换
- 使用步骤：
- JSON解析器：
基本使用方法：
Person对象：
package edu.xalead.vo;
public class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
private String gender;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
测试：
package edu.xalead.test;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import edu.xalead.vo.Person;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
public class JacksonTest {
//Java对象转为Json
@Test
public void test1() throws Exception {
//1.创建Person对象
Person p = new Person();
p.setName("李四");
p.setAge(12);
p.setGender("男");
//2.创建Jackson的核心对象 objectMapper
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
//3.转换
/**
* 转换方法 ：
* writeValue:(参数1，obj)
* 参数1：
* File:将obj对象转换为Json字符串，并保存到指定文件
* Writer:将obj对象转换为Json字符串，并将json数据填充到字符输出流
* outputStream:将obj对象转换为Json字符串，并将json数据填充到字节输出流
* writeValueAsString:将对象转换为json字符串
*/
String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(p);
System.out.println(json);//{"name":"李四","age":12,"gender":"男"}
//writeValue方法，将数据写到H://a.txt
mapper.writeValue(new File("H://a.txt"),p);
//writeValue方法，关联到Writer中
mapper.writeValue(new FileWriter("H://b.txt"),p);
}
}
1.转换方法：
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writeValue:(参数1，obj)
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参数1：
File:将obj对象转换为Json字符串，并保存到指定文件
Writer:将obj对象转换为Json字符串，并将json数据填充到字符输出流
outputStream:将obj对象转换为Json字符串，并将json数据填充到字节输出流 -
writeValueAsString:将对象转换为json字符串
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注解：
1. @JsonIgnore:排除属性。 2. @JsonFormat:属性值的格式化 @JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd")- 复杂Java对象的转换
-List :数组
-Map：和对象格式一致
实例及结果：
@Test public void test3() throws Exception { //1.创建Person对象 Person p = new Person(); p.setName("李四"); p.setAge(12); p.setGender("男"); p.setBirthday(new Date()); Person p1 = new Person(); p1.setName("李四"); p1.setAge(12); p1.setGender("男"); p1.setBirthday(new Date()); Person p2 = new Person(); p2.setName("李四"); p2.setAge(12); p2.setGender("男"); p2.setBirthday(new Date()); //创建list集合 List<Person> ps = new ArrayList<>(); ps.add(p); ps.add(p1); ps.add(p2); //Map集合 Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>(); map.put("name","张三"); map.put("ag2",23); map.put("gender","男"); ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(); String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(ps); String json1 = mapper.writeValueAsString(map); System.out.println(json); System.out.println(json1); } [{"name":"李四","age":12,"gender":"男","birthday":"2020-03-03"},{"name":"李四","age":12,"gender":"男","birthday":"2020-03-03"},{"name":"李四","age":12,"gender":"男","birthday":"2020-03-03"}] {"gender":"男","name":"张三","ag2":23} - 复杂Java对象的转换
案例
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校验用户名是否存在
服务器端：
package edu.xalead; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; import java.sql.*; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; @WebServlet(name = "FindUserServlet",urlPatterns = "/findUserServlet") public class FindUserServlet extends HttpServlet { protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { //从表单获取用户名 String username = request.getParameter("username"); //从数据库获取用户名 String driverClass = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"; String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/user_test"; String userName = "root"; String password = "root"; //链接对象 Connection conn = null; //结果集 ResultSet rs = null; //语句准备对象 PreparedStatement ps = null; String sql = "select * from user_json where username=?"; try { //加载驱动 Class.forName(driverClass); conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url,userName,password); ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql); ps.setString(1,username); rs = ps.executeQuery(); //解决乱码 response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8"); Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>(); if(rs.next()){ //已经存在该用户 map.put("userExsit",true); map.put("mes","此用户太受欢迎，请更换一个！"); }else{ map.put("userExsit",true); map.put("mes","用户名可用！"); } //map转换为json,并传递给客户端 ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(); mapper.writeValue(response.getWriter(),map); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { this.doPost(request,response); } }
客户端：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>注册页面</title>
<script src="js/jquery-3.4.1.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<input type="text" id="username" name="username" placeholder="请输入用户名">
<span id="errspan"> </span>
<br>
<input type="text" id="pwd" name="password" placeholder="请输入密码"><br>
<input type="submit" value="注册">
</form>
</body>
<script>
//在页面加载完成后
$(function(){//入口函数
//给username绑定blur事件
$("#username").blur(function () {
//获取username文本输入框的值
var username = $(this).val();
//发送ajax请求
//期望服务器返回数据的格式，{"userExsit":true,"mes":"此用户太受欢迎，请换一个"}
//{"userExsit":false,"mes":"用户名可用"}
$.get("findUserServlet",{username:username},function (data) {
// alert(data);
//判断userExsit键是否为true
var span = $("#errspan");
if(data.userExsit){
//用户名存在
span.css("color","red")
span.html(data.mes);
}else{
span.css("color","green")
span.html(data.mes);
}
},"json");
})
});
</script>
</html>
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