手把手教你做iphone的soap应用(webservice)

最近研究了下soap,找不到iphone上好用的soap代码.发现坛子，关于soap的东西也不多，就把自己写的贴出来，请大家批评指正吧。

用到的提供soap接口的网址是: http://www.Nanonull.com/TimeService/这个页面有多个方法可以通过soap调用,页面上也有说明.如果用IE的浏览器还能看到此网页提供的wsdl文件.要做soap的webservice首先要了解一些关于webservice和soap的一些基本知识.下面几个网址可能会帮你快速入门.

soap教程: http://www.w3school.com.cn/soap/index.asp
使用WSDL发布WebService: http://blog.csdn.net/meiqingsong/archive/2005/04/04/336057.aspx

    为了便于理解,我先讲下soap的大体原理:我们在iphone封装soap请求信息,发送到某个提供soap服务的服务器,如下例中我们用到的 http://www.Nanonull.com/TimeService/.服务器能接受和识别soap请求,当它接到请求,就根据客户端的请求情况调用服务器上的某个函数,并将函数返回结果封装成soap反馈信息发送给客户端.客户端接收到soap反馈信息后,进行解析处理,以用户能理解的形式呈现给用户.整个过程就这么简单.

    好了,假设现在你已经有关于soap的基础知识(没有也没关系,看了例子,再理解就更好理解了),下面我们开始做soap的例子.

    第一步,建一个Hello_SOAP项目.用IB将Hello_SOAPViewController.xib做成如下图的界面

然后在Hello_SOAPViewController.h中添加如下代码

    @interface Hello_SOAPViewController : UIViewController
    {
            IBOutlet UITextField *nameInput;
            IBOutlet UILabel *greeting;
            NSMutableData *webData;
            NSMutableString *soapResults;
            NSXMLParser *xmlParser;
            BOOL recordResults;
    }
    @property(nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UITextField *nameInput;
    @property(nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UILabel *greeting;
    @property(nonatomic, retain) NSMutableData *webData;
    @property(nonatomic, retain) NSMutableString *soapResults;
    @property(nonatomic, retain) NSXMLParser *xmlParser;
    -(IBAction)buttonClick: (id) sender;
    - (void)getOffesetUTCTimeSOAP;

然后在Hello_SOAPViewController.xib中将两个输出口和一个动作连接好,这个不用手把手吧?
在Hello_SOAPViewController.m文件中加入以下方法 :

    - (void)getOffesetUTCTimeSOAP
    {
            recordResults = NO;
            //封装soap请求消息
            NSString *soapMessage = [NSString stringWithFormat:
                                                             @"<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>\n"
                                                             "<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns:xsd=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema\" xmlns:soap=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\">\n"
                                                             "<soap:Body>\n"
                                                             "<getOffesetUTCTime xmlns=\"http://www.Nanonull.com/TimeService/\">\n"
                                                             "<hoursOffset>%@</hoursOffset>\n"
                                                             "</getOffesetUTCTime>\n"
                                                             "</soap:Body>\n"
                                                             "</soap:Envelope>\n",nameInput.text
                                                             ];
            NSLog(soapMessage);
            //请求发送到的路径
            NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.nanonull.com/TimeService/TimeService.asmx"];
            NSMutableURLRequest *theRequest = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
            NSString *msgLength = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d", [soapMessage length]];
            
            //以下对请求信息添加属性前四句是必有的，第五句是soap信息。
            [theRequest addValue: @"text/xml; charset=utf-8" forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Type"];
            [theRequest addValue: @"http://www.Nanonull.com/TimeService/getOffesetUTCTime" forHTTPHeaderField:@"SOAPAction"];
            
            [theRequest addValue: msgLength forHTTPHeaderField:@"Content-Length"];
            [theRequest setHTTPMethod:@"POST"];
            [theRequest setHTTPBody: [soapMessage dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
            
            //请求
            NSURLConnection *theConnection = [[NSURLConnection alloc] initWithRequest:theRequest delegate:self];
            
            //如果连接已经建好，则初始化data
            if( theConnection )
            {
                    webData = [[NSMutableData data] retain];
            }
            else
            {
                    NSLog(@"theConnection is NULL");
            }
            
            
    }

这个方法作用就是封装soap请求,并向服务器发送请求.
代码有注释.不重复讲解.soap并不难,难的是没有案例告诉我们怎么把其它平台的soap移植过来,这里我给出了代码,我相信对iphone开发人员的话应该能看懂了.我在下面会把此案例的源代码附上.如果自己做不出来再看我的代码.如果我这样讲您觉得不够细,那说明您的iphone开发还不是太深入,那么您应该用不到soap技术.可以飘过了.
下面的代码是接收信息并解析,显示到用户界面

    -(void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response
    {
            [webData setLength: 0];
            NSLog(@"connection: didReceiveResponse:1");
    }
    -(void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data
    {
            [webData appendData:data];
            NSLog(@"connection: didReceiveData:2");
    }
    //如果电脑没有连接网络，则出现此信息（不是网络服务器不通）
    -(void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error
    {
            NSLog(@"ERROR with theConenction");
            [connection release];
            [webData release];
    }
    -(void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection
    {
            NSLog(@"3 DONE. Received Bytes: %d", [webData length]);
            NSString *theXML = [[NSString alloc] initWithBytes: [webData mutableBytes] length:[webData length] encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
            NSLog(theXML);
            [theXML release];
            
            //重新加載xmlParser
            if( xmlParser )
            {
                    [xmlParser release];
            }
            
            xmlParser = [[NSXMLParser alloc] initWithData: webData];
            [xmlParser setDelegate: self];
            [xmlParser setShouldResolveExternalEntities: YES];
            [xmlParser parse];
            
            [connection release];
            //[webData release];
    }
    -(void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didStartElement:(NSString *)elementName namespaceURI:(NSString *) namespaceURI qualifiedName:(NSString *)qName
    attributes: (NSDictionary *)attributeDict
    {
            NSLog(@"4 parser didStarElemen: namespaceURI: attributes:");
                    if( [elementName isEqualToString:@"getOffesetUTCTimeResult"])
            {
                    if(!soapResults)
                    {
                            soapResults = [[NSMutableString alloc] init];
                    }
                    recordResults = YES;
            }
            
    }
    -(void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser foundCharacters:(NSString *)string
    {
            NSLog(@"5 parser: foundCharacters:");
            if( recordResults )
            {
                    [soapResults appendString: string];
            }
    }
    -(void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didEndElement:(NSString *)elementName namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI qualifiedName:(NSString *)qName
    {
            NSLog(@"6 parser: didEndElement:");
            if( [elementName isEqualToString:@"getOffesetUTCTimeResult"])
            {
                    recordResults = FALSE;
                    greeting.text = [[[NSString init]stringWithFormat:@"第%@时区的时间是: ",nameInput.text] stringByAppendingString:soapResults];
                    [soapResults release];
                    soapResults = nil;
                    NSLog(@"hoursOffset result");
            }
            
    }
    - (void)parserDidStartDocument:(NSXMLParser *)parser{
            NSLog(@"-------------------start--------------");
    }
    - (void)parserDidEndDocument:(NSXMLParser *)parser{
            NSLog(@"-------------------end--------------");
    }

说明下:

复制代码 -(void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection

这个方法是存储接收到的信息

复制代码 -(void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didEndElement:(NSString *)elementName namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI qualifiedName:(NSString *)qName

方法是显示接收的信息.
以上代码已经包括所有用到的代码.
如果一切顺利,应该有如下界面
1.打开界面

2.输入请求的时区

3.显示服务器反馈结果

下面给个整个工程的源码,如果您把上面代码贴上运行不出来,直接运行我的工程吧.有误地方请指正,有问题可回帖交流.
Hello_SOAP-getOffesetUTCTime.zip (62 K) 下载次数:4975 

转自：http://www.cocoachina.com/bbs/read.php?tid=16561