英语句子六种基本成分-主谓宾定状补详解 | Basic Sentence Elements in English | 学习笔记 My Study Notes

Before Reading:

1. The notes in this column is in English mainly, for that Input (Reading & Listening) and Output (Writing & Speaking) are both important in English learning, recommending to rewrite a note in English yourself after reading this article.
   
   此专栏的所有笔记都是主要用英语写的，因为在英语学习中，输入（阅读和听力）与输出（写作和朗读）都是非常重要的。我推荐大家在阅读完此文章后，自己也用英语写一篇属于你的笔记。
2. (Recommending) Please make sure that you have learnt Outline of Grammar and Preposition in English, referring to  
   英语语法一览图 ｜ Outline of Grammar-CSDN博客 & 英语介词详解 | Preposition in English-CSDN博客.
   
   （推荐）请确保你已经了解过英语语法大纲内容，可查阅：英语语法一览图 ｜ Outline of Grammar-CSDN博客 与 英语介词详解 | Preposition in English-CSDN博客。

---

Basic Elements in Sentence | 一个句子的基本元素

Six types of sentence elements: Subject (主语), Predicate (谓语), Object (宾语), Attributive (定语), Adverbial (状语), Complement (状语)

一个句子由六种基本元素构成：主谓宾定状补。

If you have mastered the meanings of the six basic elements, you can skip to the next part directly.

如果你已经掌握这六种基本元素的含义，你可以直接跳到下一部分。

建议读者记住六种基本元素的英文表示，之后将不会单独为其翻译。

Subject 主语；Predicate 谓语；Object 宾语；Attributive 定语；Adverbial 状语；Complement 状语

 

To-infinitive: The component of to-infinitive is "to" + original verb + (others). To-infinitive can be used as object, attributive and adverbial.

带 To 的不定式：To + 动词原型 + （其他）的形式为带 To 带不定式。带 To 的不定式可以杯用作宾语、定语或者状语。

a. Subject 主语

All subjects are nominal elements. 主语均为名词性成分。

Impression: Subject clause. 重点：主语从句。

For examples:

• That boys play football is great. (In this sentence, "that" is used to guide subject clause)
  Equal to: It is great that boys play football.

b. Predicate 谓语

Predicate is verb. 谓语就是动词

For examples:

• He has been studying all night.

c. Object 宾语

All objects are nominal elements. 所有的宾语都是名词性成分。

For examples:

• He gave his sister a birthday gift. (Double objects 双宾语)
• I want to learn English. (The to-infinitive is an object 带 To 的不定式是一个宾语)
• She believes that she will come to the party (The object clause is an object 宾语从句是一个宾语).

d. Attributive 定语

All attributives are adjective elements, which are modify nominal elements only.

所有的定语都是形容词性成分，仅用于修饰名词性成分。

Here is an example of to-infinitive to be regarded as attributive (这是一个带 To 的不定式用作定语的例句):

The best way to learn a language is to practice speaking it.

 

Any element that modify nominal elements is attributive (任何修饰名词性元素的成分都是定语), for examples:

• The man with the hat is my uncle. ("with the hat" is a prepositional phrase of adjective element “with the hat” 是一个形容词性的介词短语)
• The book that I borrowed from the library was really interesting. (The colored part is a attributive clause 着色部分是一个定语从句)

e. Adverbial 状语

Adverbial is adverbial element. 状语是副词性成分。

For examples:

• I will meet you at the park tomorrow if it does not rain ("if it does not rain" is an adverbial clause “if it does not rain” 是一个状语从句。你知道为什么吗？是的，它修饰了 “tomorrow” 这个时间状语——称作为 “时间状语” 是因为它是一个表示时间 “明天” 的状语，下同；而 “tomorrow” 修饰了 “at the park” 这个地点状语；“at the park” 修饰了 “meet” 这个动词).
• I will meet you at the park tomorrow to get the computer fixed if it does not rain. (There is a to-infinitive that is an adverbial to be used to modify the previous adverbial "tomorrow"; Try to analyze this sentence by yourself 试着自己分析一下这个句子😉) 

f. Complement 补语

The complement is either an adjective element or a nominal element.

补语要么是形容词性成分，要么是名词性成分。
 

For effect, the complement can modify object (i.e. object complement) and can also modify subject (i.e. subject complement).

补语既可以修饰宾语（即宾语补语，宾补），也可以修饰主语（即主语补语，主补）。

 

There are points about six basic elements in a sentence in the above notes, to learn more about complement, such as identifying complement, when to use complement, and so on, reading on please.

以上为六种基本句子元素的知识点，若要了解如何识别补语、何时使用补语等更多有关补语的知识，请阅读此专栏的下一篇文章：

英语语法难点-补语详解 | Complement in English | 学习笔记 My Study Notes