Go: Map使用

conception

• The key type K must be comparable using ==
• It’s a bad idea to compare floats for equality
• There are no restrictions on the value type V

基础操作

创建

// 声明
var mapA map[int]string  // mapA值为nil map
mapA = make(map[int]string)  // 声明后需要再初始化

// 声明+初始化
mapA := make(map[int]string)  // mapA值为map[]

package main

import "fmt"

type Vertex struct {
	Lat, Long float64
}

var m = map[string]Vertex{
	"Bell Labs": {40.68433, -74.39967},
	"Google":    {37.42202, -122.08408},
}

func main() {
	fmt.Println(m)
}

遍历

// 遍历键值对
for k, v := range scene {
    fmt.Println(k, v)
}
// 遍历键
for k := range scene {
    fmt.Println(k)
}
// 遍历值
for _, v := range scene {
    fmt.Println(v)
}

删除键值对

aMap := make(map[int]int)
aMap[1] = 1
aMap[2] = 2
delete(aMap, 1)

其他

判断键值是否存在

if _, ok := map[key]; ok {
    // 存在
}
 
if _, ok := map[key]; !ok {
    // 不存在
}

safety discussion

• it’s fine to search not existed key in map, it will return a zero value of the value’s type
• cannot get the address of the map’s element(like _ := &mapA[1]). cus the growth of a map might cause a rehashing of this map into new storage location.