Java_网络编程

网络编程

1.网络编程中有两个主要的问题

1.如何准确地定位网络上一台或多台主机;定位主机上的特定的应用
2.找到主机后如何可靠高效地进行数据传输

2.网络通信要素概述

要素一: IP 和端口号

/*
IP:
1.IP:唯一的标识Internet 上的计算机(通信实体)
2.在Java中使用InetAddress类代表IP
3.IP分类:IPv4和IPv6 ;万维网和局域网
4.域名:www.baidu.com   www . mi.com
5.本地回路地址: 127.0.0.1 对应着: Localhost
6.如何实例化InetAddress:
    两个方法: getByName(String host)  、 getLocalHost()
    两个常用方法: getHostName() / getHostAddress()



7.端口号:正在计算机上运行的进程。要求:不同的进程有不同的端口号
     范围:被规定为一个16位的整数0~65535。
8.端口号与IP地址的组合得出一个网络套接字:Socket
 */
//如何实例化InetAddress:
public class OneTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            InetAddress name = InetAddress.getByName ("192.168.0.1");
            System.out.println (name);

            InetAddress name1 = InetAddress.getByName ("www.baidu.com");
            System.out.println (name1);

            //获取本机的
            InetAddress localHost = InetAddress.getLocalHost ();
            System.out.println (localHost);
            System.out.println ("********************");

            //两个方法:
            String hostName = name1.getHostName ();
            System.out.println (hostName);
            String hostAddress = name1.getHostAddress ();
            System.out.println (hostAddress);

        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            e.printStackTrace ();
        }
    }
}

要素二: 网络协议

在这里插入图片描述

三次握手举例:
1.我是张三
2.我知道你是张三,我是李四
3.我知道你知道我是张三,你是李四,我是张三

在这里插入图片描述

TCP四次挥手

在这里插入图片描述

3. TCP网络编程

在这里插入图片描述

①:客户端发送信息给服务端,服务端将数据显示控制台上

//例题一:客户端发送信息给服务端,服务端将数据显示控制台上  
//客户端
    @Test
    public  void test()  {
        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream ops = null;
        try {
            //1.建立Socket对象,指明服务器端的ip和端口号
            InetAddress ia= InetAddress.getByName ("127.0.0.1");
            socket = new Socket (ia,8899);
            //2.获取一个输出流,用于输出数据
            ops = socket.getOutputStream ();
            //3.写出数据的操作
            ops.write ("你好,我是霸王花".getBytes ());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace ();
        } finally {
            //4.资源的关闭
            if(socket!=null){

                try {
                    socket.close ();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace ();
                } finally {
                }
            }if(ops!=null){

                try {
                    ops.close ();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace ();
                } finally {
                }

            }
        }

    }
    //服务端
    @Test
    public  void test1() {
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream ips = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos= null;
        ServerSocket serverSocket=null;
        try {
            //1.创造服务器端的ServerSocket,指明自己的端口号
             serverSocket = new ServerSocket (8899);
             //2.调用accept()表示接收来自客户端的servlet
            socket = serverSocket.accept ();
            //3.获取输入流
            ips = socket.getInputStream ();
            //4.读取输入流的数据
            baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream ();
            byte[] buffer=new byte[5];
            int len;
            while ((len=ips.read (buffer))!=-1){
                baos.write (buffer,0,len);
            }
            System.out.print (baos.toString ());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace ();
        } finally {
            //5.资源关闭
            if(ips!=null){
                try {
                    ips.close ();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace ();
                } finally {
                }
            }if (baos!=null){
                try {
                    baos.close ();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace ();
                } finally {
                }
            }if(socket!=null){
                try {
                    socket.close ();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace ();
                } finally {
                }
            }if(serverSocket!=null){
                try {
                    serverSocket.close ();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace ();
                } finally {
                }
            }

        }
    }

②:客户端发送文件给服务端,服务端将文件保存在本地。

//例题2:客户端发送文件给服务端,服务端将文件保存在本地。    
//客户端
    @Test
    public  void test() throws IOException {
        InetAddress ia= InetAddress.getByName ("127.0.0.1");
        Socket socket = new Socket (ia, 9090);
        OutputStream ops = socket.getOutputStream ();
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream ("MVC+Dao.png");
        byte[] buffer=new byte[5];
        int len;
        while ((len=fis.read (buffer))!=-1){
            ops.write (buffer,0,len);
        }
        fis.close ();
        ops.close ();
        socket.close ();
    }
    //服务端
    @Test
    public  void test2() throws IOException {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket (9090);
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept ();
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream ();
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream ("MVC+Dao999.png");
        byte[] buffer=new byte[5];
        int len;
        while ((len=is.read (buffer))!=-1){
            fos.write (buffer,0,len);
        }

        fos.close ();
        socket.close ();
        is.close ();
        serverSocket.close ();

    }

③:在2的基础上,服务器给予客户端反馈并在客户端进行输出

    //客户端
   @Test
    public  void test() throws IOException {
        InetAddress ia= InetAddress.getByName ("127.0.0.1");
        Socket socket = new Socket (ia, 9090);
        OutputStream ops = socket.getOutputStream ();
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream ("MVC+Dao.png");
        byte[] buffer=new byte[5];
        int len;
        while ((len=fis.read (buffer))!=-1){
            ops.write (buffer,0,len);
        }


        //read()方法会阻塞,所以这里要添加一个通知已经传完数据的方法
       socket.shutdownOutput ();

        //接受来自服务端的信号
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos2=new ByteArrayOutputStream ();
       InputStream is = socket.getInputStream ();
        byte[] buffer2=new byte[5];
        int len2;
        while ((len2=is.read (buffer2))!=-1){
            baos2.write (buffer2,0,len2);
        }
        System.out.println (baos2.toString ());

        baos2.close ();
        is.close ();
       fis.close ();
        ops.close ();
        socket.close ();
    }
    //服务端
    @Test
    public  void test2() throws IOException {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket (9090);
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept ();
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream ();
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream ("MVC+Dao222.png");
        byte[] buffer=new byte[5];
        int len;
        while ((len=is.read (buffer))!=-1){
            fos.write (buffer,0,len);
        }
        System.out.println ("图片传输完成。");

        //反馈给客户端的话
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream ();
        os.write ("照片已经收到了,谢谢".getBytes ());

        os.close ();
        fos.close ();
        socket.close ();
        is.close ();
        serverSocket.close ();

    }

4. UDP 网络编程

举例:

public class UDPTest {
    //客户端
    @Test
    public  void test1() throws IOException {
        DatagramSocket socket=new DatagramSocket ();


        String str="你好,我是UDP的测试";
        byte[] bytes = str.getBytes ();
        InetAddress ia=InetAddress.getByName ("127.0.0.1");
        DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket (date,0,date.length,ia,9090);

        socket.send (packet);
        socket.close ();
    }
    //服务端
    @Test
    public  void test2() throws IOException {
        DatagramSocket socket=new DatagramSocket (9090);

        byte[] buffer=new byte[500];
        DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket (buffer,0,buffer.length);
        socket.receive (packet);

        System.out.println (new String (packet.getData (),0,packet.getLength ()));
        socket.close ();

    }
}

5. URL编程

概述:

/*
URL网络编程
1.URL:统一资源定位符,对应着互联网的某一资源地址
2.格式:
http://Localhost:8080/examples/beauty.jpg?username=Tom
协议     主机名 端口号  资源地址           参数列表

 */

例一:

public class URLTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            URL url=new URL ("http://localhost:8080/login.jsp");
            System.out.println (url.getProtocol ());//协议名
            System.out.println (url.getHost ());//主机号
            System.out.println (url.getPort ());//端口号
            System.out.println (url.getFile ());//文件
            System.out.println (url.getPath ());//路径
            System.out.println (url.getQuery ());//查询名
            
        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace ();
        }
    }
}

例二:下载网络资源

public class URLTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

        URL url = new URL ("https://ss1.bdstatic.com/70cFvXSh_Q1YnxGkpoWK1HF6hhy/it/u=1524047774,2439907370&fm=26&gp=0.jpg");
        //获取服务器连接
        HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection ();

        urlConnection.connect ();

        InputStream is = urlConnection.getInputStream ();

        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream ("picture.png");
        BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream (fos);

        byte[] buffer = new byte[10];
        int len;
        while ((len = is.read (buffer)) != -1) {
            bos.write (buffer, 0, len);
        }

        //关闭资源
        bos.close ();
        is.close ();
        urlConnection.disconnect ();

    }

}

fos = new FileOutputStream (“picture.png”);
BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream (fos);

    byte[] buffer = new byte[10];
    int len;
    while ((len = is.read (buffer)) != -1) {
        bos.write (buffer, 0, len);
    }

    //关闭资源
    bos.close ();
    is.close ();
    urlConnection.disconnect ();

}

}

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