Linux安装MySQL详细步骤

下载MySQL安装包

下载地址1：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/
下载地址2：wget http://dev.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

我这边选择的是第二种

安装MySQL

1. 下载完毕后上传到Linux服务器

2. 解压

[root@localhost user]# tar xvf mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# mv mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

3. 创建用户及用户组

[root@localhost local]# groupadd mysql
[root@localhost local]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql

4. 将安装目录所有者及所属组改为mysql

[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql

5. 创建存放数据文件夹data

[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir data

6. 初始化

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize

如果执行失败，检查是否依赖不存在

[root@localhost mysql]# yum install libaio

7. 编辑MySQL配置文件my.cnf

[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
user=mysql
port=3306
character-set-server=utf8

# 取消密码验证
skip-grant-tables
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysql/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysql/mariadb.pid

#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

8. 将MySQL加入服务

[root@localhost mysql]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

9.加入开机启动

[root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig mysql on

10. 登录MySQL

1. 启动MySQL服务

[root@localhost mysql]# service mysql start

如果启动失败

[root@localhost mysql]# cd /var/log/
[root@localhost log]# mkdir mysql
[root@localhost log]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql

[root@localhost run]# cd /var/run/
[root@localhost run]# mkdir mysql
[root@localhost run]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql

然后在重新执行

[root@localhost mysql]# service mysql start

2. 进去MySQL

因为在配置文件/etc/my.cnf中有取消密码验证，所以可以免密登陆

[root@localhost mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p