05.黑马程序员-NSDictionary、NSMutableDictionary

     字典：   
     key ----> value
     索引 ----> 文字内容
     里面存储的东西都是键值对

1.  NSDictionary

字典的创建：

     NSDictionary *dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"jack" forKey:@"name"]; // 第一种
     
<pre name="code" class="objc">// 第二种  
     NSArray *keys = @[@"name", @"address"];
     NSArray *objects = @[@"jack", @"北京"];    
     NSDictionary *dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjects:objects forKeys:keys];
 <pre name="code" class="objc">// 第三种    
     NSDictionary *dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:
     @"jack", @"name",
     @"北京", @"address",
     @"32423434", @"qq", nil];
 <pre name="code" class="objc">// 第四种      
    NSDictionary *dict = @{@"name" : @"jack", @"address" : @"北京"};

利用索引获取内容、字典的输出：

    id obj = [dict objectForKey:@"name"];  
    id obj = dict[@"name"];
    
    NSLog(@"%@", obj);      
    // 返回的是键值对的个数
    NSLog(@"%ld", dict.count);

2.  NSMutableDictionary

    NSMutableDictionary *dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
    
    // 添加键值对
    [dict setObject:@"jack" forKey:@"name"];      
    [dict setObject:@"北京" forKey:@"address"];   
    [dict setObject:@"rose" forKey:@"name"];
     
    //NSMutableDictionary *dict = @{@"name" : @"jack"};
    //[dict setObject:@"rose" forKey:@"name"]; 
  
    // 移除键值对
    // [dict removeObjectForKey:(id)];   
    
    NSString *str = dict[@"name"];   
    
    //NSLog(@"%@", str);   
    NSLog(@"%@", dict);

3.  遍历

  // 字典不允许有相同的key，但允许有相同的value（Object）
    // 字典的无序的
    NSDictionary *dict = @{
    @"address" : @"北京",
    @"name" : @"jack",
    @"name2" : @"jack",
    @"name3" : @"jack",
    @"qq" : @"7657567765"};
    
     NSArray *keys = [dict allKeys];
 <pre name="code" class="objc">//第一种：    
      for (int i = 0; i<dict.count; i++)
      {
         NSString *key = keys[i];
         NSString *object = dict[key];
  
         NSLog(@"%@ = %@", key, object);
      }
    
   //第二种： 
    [dict enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:
     ^(id key, id obj, BOOL *stop) {
         NSLog(@"%@ - %@", key, obj);
         
         // *stop = YES;
     }];

 4.  集合总结：

 1.NSArray\NSMutableArray
 * 有序
 * 快速创建（不可变）：@[obj1, obj2, obj3]
 * 快速访问元素：数组名[i]
 
 2.NSSet\NSMutableSet
 * 无序
 
 3.NSDictionary\NSMutableDictionary
 * 无序
 * 快速创建（不可变）：@{key1 : value1,  key2 : value2}
 * 快速访问元素：字典名[key]