R语言——数据结构基础（下）

对象间的转化

向量转化为矩阵

> V<-1:5
> V
[1] 1 2 3 4 5
> as.matrix(V)
     [,1]
[1,]    1
[2,]    2
[3,]    3
[4,]    4
[5,]    5

因子转化为数值

> fac<-factor(c(1,10))
> fac
[1] 1  10
Levels: 1 10
> as.numeric(fac)
[1] 1 2

> fac1<-factor(c("xiaowang","dawang"))
> fac1
[1] xiaowang dawang  
Levels: dawang xiaowang
> as.numeric(fac1)
[1] 2 1

矩阵转化为数据框

> meaing<-matrix(data=3, nr = 3, nc = 5)
> meaing
     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
[1,]    3    3    3    3    3
[2,]    3    3    3    3    3
[3,]    3    3    3    3    3
> as.data.frame(meaing)
  V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
1  3  3  3  3  3
2  3  3  3  3  3
3  3  3  3  3  3

矩阵转化为列表

> meaing<-matrix(1:10, nr = 2, nc = 5)
> meaing
     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
[1,]    1    3    5    7    9
[2,]    2    4    6    8   10
> as.list(meaing)
[[1]]
[1] 1

[[2]]
[1] 2

[[3]]
[1] 3

[[4]]
[1] 4

[[5]]
[1] 5

[[6]]
[1] 6

[[7]]
[1] 7

[[8]]
[1] 8

[[9]]
[1] 9

[[10]]
[1] 10

查看对象类型和长度

对象类型：
——猜错试错法：is.FUN的形式，返回TRUE或FALSE

[1] 1 2 3 4
> is.vector(x)
[1] TRUE
> is.vector(c("qingchen","xiari"))
[1] TRUE

——直接查看：class查看第一层类别，mode查看第二层类别，typeof查看第3层类别

对象长度：
——向量，因子：length，也可以查看其它对象类型

> length(c(1:8))
[1] 8

> length(gl(3,6))
[1] 18
> gl(3,6)
 [1] 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3
Levels: 1 2 3

——矩阵，数据框：nrow查询行数，ncol查询列数

> meaing<-matrix(1:10, nr = 2, nc = 5)
> meaing
     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5]
[1,]    1    3    5    7    9
[2,]    2    4    6    8   10
> nrow(meaing)
[1] 2
> ncol(meaing)
[1] 5

——数组：dim维数

> Mat<-array(1:5,c(2,4,2))
> Mat
, , 1

     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,]    1    3    5    2
[2,]    2    4    1    3

, , 2

     [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
[1,]    4    1    3    5
[2,]    5    2    4    1

> dim(Mat)
[1] 2 4 2

——对象概览：str，attributes，所有对象的通用查询函数

> str(Mat1)
 num [1:2, 1:4, 1:2] 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 ...
 > attributes(Mat1)
$dim
[1] 2 4 2