Linux信号量

信号量

• 信号量根据初始值的不同可用于进程间或线程间的同步(初始值为0)或互斥(初始值为1)
• System V semaphores are an older semaphore API. POSIX semaphores provide a simpler, and better designed interface than System V semaphores; on the other hand POSIX semaphores are less widely available (especially on older systems) than System V semaphores.

POSIX 信号量

• 查看POSIX信号量的概述

man sem_overview

匿名信号量

• 可用于线程间通信和进程间通信（信号量位于共享内存中）

#include <semaphore.h>
int main()
{
	sem_t sem_id;
	
	sem_init(&sem_id, 0, 1);	//初始化信号量，线程间通信，初始值为1

	sem_wait(&sem_id);		//P操作, will block
	//sem_trywait(&sem_id);	//try to P操作， won't block
	
	//访问临界资源
	
	sem_post(&sem_id);		//V操作
	
	sem_destroy(&sem_id);	//销毁信号量
}

有名信号量

char* SEM_NAME = "sem1";

//初始化信号量
sem_t* mutex = sem_open(SEM_NAME, O_CREAT, 0644, 1);

sem_wait(mutex);
//访问临界资源
sem_post(mutex);

sem_close(mutex);			//进程关闭信号量
sem_unlink(SEM_NAME);		//从系统删除信号量

System V 信号量

• 通过“man semget”命令查看更多信息

#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>

int main()
{
	//申请信号量
	semget();

	semctl();
}