Ubuntu apt替换国内镜像

Linux: Ubuntu apt替换国内镜像

一、前言

1.Ubuntu使用apt-get命令安装时，默认下载源在国外服务器上，故下载包速度很慢，可以替换国内镜像来提高下载速度
2.替换阿里的镜像比清华的下载速度要快些~

二、步骤

1）备份etc/apt/sources.list

将etc/apt/sources.list 先备份一份source.list.bak，再打开sources.list编辑

cd /etc/apt
sudo cp sources.list sources.list.bak
sudo gedit sources.list

2）编辑etc/apt/sources.list

（1）替换阿里镜像：
对于ubuntu 16.04系统，将sources.list内容替换

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe

其他版本的输入的内容进入阿里镜像官网查看https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/ubuntu?spm=a2c6h.13651102.0.0.3e221b11XamdzO
简单列几个典型的：

• ubuntu 20.04 LTS (focal) 配置如下

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

• ubuntu 24.04 (noble) 配置如下

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse

（2）替换清华镜像：
对于ubuntu 16.04系统，将sources.list内容替换

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

其他版本的输入的内容进入清华镜像官网查看https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/

3）更新源，使配置生效

输入sudo apt-get update更新源，这步骤不可少，详见下面（三、可能遇到的问题）
接下来便可以使用apt或apt-get命令安装软件或包了，如，安装git：
sudo apt-get install git 或 sudo apt install git

三、可能遇到的问题

sudo apt-get update更新apt时，

（1）报错信息：

E: 无法获得锁 /var/lib/apt/lists/lock - open (11: 资源暂时不可用) E: 无法对目录 /var/lib/apt/lists/ 加锁，如下：

（2）原因：

大概率是因为上一次更新源的时候非常规中断导致的,解决方法如下:

（3）解决方法：

输入命令sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/lock删掉lock，然后重新更新apt