MVC模型介绍

MVC 是 Model-View-Controller的简称，即模型-视图-控制器的简称。

MVC是一种设计模式，它把应用程序分成三个核心模块：模型，视图，控制器，它们各自处理自己的事情。

模型（model）

POJO，普通的java类，以及访问数据库都叫model。

模型是应用程序的主体部分，模型表示业务数据和业务逻辑。

一个模型能为多个视图提供数据。

由于应用模型的代码只需写一次就可以被多个视图重用，所以提高了代码的可重用性。

视图（view）

视图是用户看到并与之交互的界面，作用如下：

视图向用户显示相关的数据

接受用户的输入

不进行任何实际的业务处

控制器（Controller）

控制器接受用户的输入并调用模型和视图去完成用户的需求。

控制器接收请求并决定调用哪个模型组件去处理请求，然后决定调用哪个视图来显示模型处理返回的数据。

案例：

mysql数据库名：students

创建一个表：student

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for student
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`;
CREATE TABLE `student` (
  `id` int(5) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `sex` varchar(2) NOT NULL,
  `age` int(3) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

创建一个servlet类 ： ListAllStudentsServlet

package com.alin.javaweb.mvc;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;


@WebServlet("/listAllStudents")
public class ListAllStudentsServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
        throws ServletException, IOException {

        StudentDao studentDao = new StudentDao();
        List<Student> students = studentDao.getAll();
        request.setAttribute("student", students);
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/students.jsp").forward(request, response);
    }

}

一个Javabean：Student类

package com.alin.javaweb.mvc;

public class Student {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String sex;
    private int age;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(int id, String name, String sex, int age) {
        super();
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.sex = sex;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

}

连接数据库的Dao类：StudentDao

package com.alin.javaweb.mvc;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;


public class StudentDao {
    private final static String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/Students";
    private final static String user = "root";
    private final static String password = "2012122131435";

    public static List<Student> getAll() {
        List<Student> students = new ArrayList<Student>();

        Connection connection = null;
        PreparedStatement statement = null;
        ResultSet resultSet = null;



        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
            connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
            String sql = "select * from student";
            statement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            resultSet = statement.executeQuery();
            while(resultSet.next()) {
                int id = resultSet.getInt(1);
                String name = resultSet.getString(2);
                String sex = resultSet.getString(3);
                int age = resultSet.getInt(4);
                Student student = new Student(id, name, sex, age);
                students.add(student);
            }


        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if(resultSet != null) {
                    resultSet.close();
                }
            } catch (SQLException e2) {
                e2.printStackTrace();
            }
            try {
                if(statement != null) {
                    statement.close();
                }
            } catch (SQLException e2) {
                e2.printStackTrace();
            }
            try {
                if(connection != null) {
                    connection.close();
                }
            } catch (SQLException e2) {
                e2.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        return students;
    }
}

两个jsp页面： listAllStudents.jsp 和 显示查询所有学生的students.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" 
    "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <a href="listAllStudents">listAllStudents</a>
</body>
</html>

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ page import="java.util.List" %>
<%@ page import="com.alin.javaweb.mvc.Student" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" 
    "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>listAllStudent</title>
</head>
<body>

    <%
        List<Student> stud = (List<Student>) request.getAttribute("student");

    %>
    <table width="577" border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" bordercolor="#0000FF" 
        style="color:red" align="center" >
        <tr >
            <th>id</th>
            <th>name</th>
            <th>sex</th>
            <th>age</th>
        </tr>
        <%
            for(Student stu : stud){
        %>
                <tr>
                    <td align="center" style="color:#33ffff"><%= stu.getId() %></td>
                    <td align="center" style="color:#33ffff"><%= stu.getName() %></td>
                    <td align="center" style="color:#33ffff"><%= stu.getSex() %></td>
                    <td align="center" style="color:#33ffff"><%= stu.getAge() %></td>
                </tr>

        <% 
            }
        %>
    </table>

</body>
</html>

启动tomcat：运行结果