Spring Data JPA入门（简单的CRUD、查询

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-01 07:32:47 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-03-01 07:32:47 发布

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分类专栏： Spring Data JPA 文章标签： Spring Data JPA

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Afflatus_f/article/details/102466547

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Spring Data是一个用于简化数据库访问，支持云服务的开源框架。目标是使数据库访问变得方便快捷。公司的ORM框架，均采用Spring Data JPA。

JPA的全称是Java Persistence API，Persistence 是持久化的意思。所以，中文全称是"JAVA对象持久化的 API"。简单来说，可以理解为是一种JAVA的标准规范，这个规范为JAVA对象的持久化制定了一些标准的接口。要注意的是，JPA只是一个接口规范，而不是实现。具体实现由各供应商来完成，例如Hibernate，TopLink，OpenJPA都很好地实现了JPA接口。

简而言之：Spring Data JPA只是Spring Data中的一个子模块；JPA是一套标准接口，而Hibernate是JPA的实现；Spring Data JPA 底层默认实现是使用Hibernate。

Spring DataJPA 的首个接口就是Repository，它是一个标记接口。只要我们的接口实现这个接口，那么我们就相当于在使用Spring Data JPA了。（只要我们实现了这个接口，我们就可以使用"按照方法命名规则"来进行查询。

Spring Data JPA入门小demo

1.创建数据库

2.创建Maven工程（jar

3.在pom.xml文件中添加依赖

    <properties>
        <spring.version>4.2.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
        <hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</hibernate.version>
        <slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
        <log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version>
        <c3p0.version>0.9.1.2</c3p0.version>
        <mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- junit单元测试 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- spring beg -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.8</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- spring end -->

        <!-- hibernate beg -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
            <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.1.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- hibernate end -->

        <!-- c3p0 beg -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>${c3p0.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- c3p0 end -->

        <!-- log end -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>${log4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- log end -->


        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>${mysql.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
            <version>1.9.0.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>4.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- el beg 使用spring data jpa 必须引入 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.el</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.4</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- el end -->

    </dependencies>

4.在src/main/resources下创建applicationContext.xml配置文件（Spring和Spring Data JPA整合

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd">
    <!--1 员   dataSource  数据库连接池-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="user" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value="123456"/>
        <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springdatajpa9502"/>
    </bean>
    <!--2 工   工厂类对象-->
    <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
        <!--配置数据源-->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <!--实体类的包扫描-->
        <property name="packagesToScan" value="cn.zf.jpa.entity"/>
        <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
                <property name="showSql" value="true"/>
                <property name="generateDdl" value="true"/>
                <property name="database" value="MYSQL"/>
            </bean>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <!--3 是   事务配置-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
        <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
    </bean>
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <!--开启事物-->
            <tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="find*" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>
    <aop:config>
        <aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* cn.zf.jpa.service.*.*(..))"/>
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pointcut"/>
    </aop:config>
    <!--4 爹   dao的包扫描-->
    <jpa:repositories base-package="cn.zf.jpa.dao" transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager" entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
</beans>

5.在src/main/java下创建实体Customer类

package cn.zf.jpa.entity;

import javax.persistence.*;

// jpa的实体类

//配置实体类和数据库表的映射关系
@Entity
@Table(name="cst_customer")
public class Customer {
    // 配置主键生成的策略(主键自增
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)

    // 配置主键使用的字段
    @Id
    @Column(name="cust_id")
    private long custId;
    @Column(name="cust_name")
    private String custName;
    @Column(name="cust_source")
    private String custSource;
    @Column(name="cust_industry")
    private String  custIndustry;
    @Column(name="cust_level")
    private String custLevel;
    @Column(name="cust_address")
    private String custAddress;
    @Column(name="cust_phone")
    private String custPhone;

    public long getCustId() {
        return custId;
    }

    public void setCustId(long custId) {
        this.custId = custId;
    }

    public String getCustName() {
        return custName;
    }

    public void setCustName(String custName) {
        this.custName = custName;
    }

    public String getCustSource() {
        return custSource;
    }

    public void setCustSource(String custSource) {
        this.custSource = custSource;
    }

    public String getCustIndustry() {
        return custIndustry;
    }

    public void setCustIndustry(String custIndustry) {
        this.custIndustry = custIndustry;
    }

    public String getCustLevel() {
        return custLevel;
    }

    public void setCustLevel(String custLevel) {
        this.custLevel = custLevel;
    }

    public String getCustAddress() {
        return custAddress;
    }

    public void setCustAddress(String custAddress) {
        this.custAddress = custAddress;
    }

    public String getCustPhone() {
        return custPhone;
    }

    public void setCustPhone(String custPhone) {
        this.custPhone = custPhone;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Customer{" +
                "custId=" + custId +
                ", custName='" + custName + '\'' +
                ", custSource='" + custSource + '\'' +
                ", custIndustry='" + custIndustry + '\'' +
                ", custLevel='" + custLevel + '\'' +
                ", custAddress='" + custAddress + '\'' +
                ", custPhone='" + custPhone + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

6.在src/main/java下创建Dao（简单CRUD创建接口就可以，继承JpaRepository

package cn.zf.jpa.dao;

import cn.zf.jpa.entity.Customer;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

/**
 *   需要注意的  继承后里面的泛型  第一个是实体类类型  第二个是该类主键的数据类型
 */
public interface CustomerDao extends JpaRepository<Customer,Long> {

}

7.测试，在src/test/java下创建SpringDataJpaTest测试类（简单CRUD

package cn.zf.jpa.test;

import cn.zf.jpa.dao.CustomerDao;
import cn.zf.jpa.entity.Customer;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import java.util.List;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
/**
 * 实现简单的CRUD
 */
public class SpringDataJpaTest {
    @Autowired
    private CustomerDao customerDao;

    /*
    添加
     */
    @Test
    public void addCustomer(){
        /*//1.初始化spring容器（加载配置文件
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:applicationContext.xml");
        //2.从容器中获取dao对象
        CustomerDao customerDao = applicationContext.getBean(CustomerDao.class);*/
        //创建新的对象，并保存
        Customer customer = new Customer();
        customer.setCustName("火山");
        customer.setCustAddress("智利");
        //3.调用dao对象的方法 实现crud
        customerDao.save(customer);
    }

    /*
    删除
     */
    @Test
    public void deleteCustomer(){
        customerDao.delete(24l);
    }

    /*
    查找一个
     */
    @Test
    public void updateCustomer(){
        Customer customer = customerDao.findOne(23l);
        customer.setCustPhone("78946");
        customerDao.save(customer);
    }

    /*
    查询所有
     */
    @Test
    public void findAllCustomer(){
        List<Customer> customerList = customerDao.findAll();
        for (Customer customer : customerList) {
            System.out.println(customer);
        }
    }
}

8.测试，在src/test/java下创建SpringDataJpaFindTest测试类（查询

注：使用jpql查询，需要在dao 接口中定义一个方法，使用方法的参数设置jpql 参数，使用返回值接受查询结果，在方法上添加注解@Query注解，并且需要在注解上写spql 语句，在方法上添加注解@Query注解，并且需要在注解上写jpql语句

8.1 Dao接口代码：

package cn.zf.jpa.dao;

import cn.zf.jpa.entity.Customer;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Modifying;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import java.util.List;

/**
 *   需要注意的  继承后里面的泛型  第一个是实体类类型  第二个是该类主键的数据类型
 */
public interface CustomerDao extends JpaRepository<Customer,Long> {
    //jpql查询

    //查询所有（未分页
    @Query("from Customer")
    List<Customer> getAllCustomer();

    //查询所有（分页,需要传入分页参数Pageable 注：org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable下的
    @Query("from Customer")
    List<Customer> getAllCustomerByPage(Pageable pageable);

    //根据id查询
    @Query("from Customer where custId=?")
    Customer findByIdCustomer(Long id);

    //根据字段查询，name模糊查询（多个字段模糊查询使用and
    @Query("from Customer where custName like ?")
    List<Customer> findByNameLike(String name);

    //更新操作
    @Modifying
    @Transactional
    @Query("update Customer set custSource=? where custId=?")
    void updateCustomer(String source,Long id);
}

8.2 测试类代码：

package cn.zf.jpa.test;

import cn.zf.jpa.dao.CustomerDao;
import cn.zf.jpa.entity.Customer;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import java.util.List;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class SpringDataJpaFindTest {
    @Autowired
    private CustomerDao customerDao;

    /*
    查询单个（使用findOne方法
     */
    @Test
    public void findOneCustomer(){
        Customer customer = customerDao.findOne(23l);
        System.out.println(customer);
    }

    /*
    查询单个（使用getOne方法
     */
    @Test
    @Transactional
    public void getOneCustomer(){
        Customer customer = customerDao.getOne(23l);
        System.out.println(customer);
    }

    /*
    查询所有（未分页
     */
    @Test
    public void findAllCustomer(){
        List<Customer> customerList = customerDao.findAll();
        for (Customer customer : customerList) {
            System.out.println(customer);
        }
    }

    /*
    查询所有（分页，页码从0开始
     */
    @Test
    public void findAllByPageCustomer(){
        //第一个参数：页码  第二个参数：每页显示条数
        PageRequest pageRequest = new PageRequest(0, 5);
        Page<Customer> customerPage = customerDao.findAll(pageRequest);
        long totalElements = customerPage.getTotalElements();
        System.out.println("总记录数为："+totalElements);
        int totalPages = customerPage.getTotalPages();
        System.out.println("总页码为："+totalPages);
        for (Customer customer : customerPage) {
            System.out.println(customer);
        }
    }

    /*
    排序
     */
    @Test
    public void findAllSortCustomer(){
        /*
        第一个参数：选择降序还是升序（DESC降序，ASC升序
        第二个参数：根据custId排序
         */
        Sort sort = new Sort(Sort.Direction.DESC,"custId");
        List<Customer> customerList = customerDao.findAll(sort);
        for (Customer customer : customerList) {
            System.out.println(customer);
        }
    }

    /*
    判断某记录是否存在
     */
    @Test
    public void findOneExists(){
        //exists方法返回值是布尔值，存在返回true，不存在返回false
        boolean exists = customerDao.exists(23l);
        System.out.println(exists);
    }

    /*
    查询总记录数
     */
    @Test
    public void customerCount(){
        long count = customerDao.count();
        System.out.println(count);
    }

    /*
    下面使用jpql进行查询
     */

    /*
    查询所有（未分页
     */
    @Test
    public void getAllCustomer(){
        List<Customer> customerList = customerDao.getAllCustomer();
        for (Customer customer : customerList) {
            System.out.println(customer);
        }
    }

    /*
    查询所有（分页，页码从0开始
     */
    @Test
    public void getAllCustomerByPage(){
        List<Customer> customerList = customerDao.getAllCustomerByPage(new PageRequest(0, 5));
        for (Customer customer : customerList) {
            System.out.println(customer);
        }
    }

    /*
    根据id查询
     */
    @Test
    public void findByIdCustomer(){
        Customer idCustomer = customerDao.findByIdCustomer(23l);
        System.out.println(idCustomer);
    }

    /*
    根据name字段模糊查询
     */
    @Test
    public void findByNameLike(){
        List<Customer> byNameLike = customerDao.findByNameLike("%山%");
        for (Customer customer : byNameLike) {
            System.out.println(customer);
        }
    }

    /*
    更新操作
     */
    @Test
    public void updateCustomer(){
        customerDao.updateCustomer("西班牙",23l);
    }
}

over~