STM32—串口使用及配置(入门详解)

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已于 2023-05-01 17:05:07 修改

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分类专栏： STM32 文章标签： stm32 单片机嵌入式硬件

于 2023-04-23 13:51:27 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Ai1101224/article/details/130320038

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一、常用函数

1.串口发送/接收函数：

HAL_UART_Transmit(); 串口发送数据，使用超时管理机制

HAL_UART_Receive(); 串口接收数据，使用超时管理机制

HAL_UART_Transmit_IT(); 串口中断模式发送

HAL_UART_Receive_IT(); 串口中断模式接收

HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_UART_Transmit(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart,
uint8_t *pData, uint16_t Size, uint32_t Timeout)

/*作用：以阻塞的方式发送指定字节的数据
形参 1 ：UART_HandleTypeDef 结构体类型指针变量（串口地址）
形参 2：指向要发送的数据地址
形参 3：要发送的数据大小，以字节为单位
形参 4：设置的超时时间，以ms单位
*/

HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_UART_Receive_IT(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart,
uint8_t *pData, uint16_t Size)

/*作用：以中断的方式接收指定字节的数据
形参 1 ：是 UART_HandleTypeDef 结构体类型指针变量（串口地址）
形参 2 ：是指向接收数据缓冲区
形参 3 ：是要接收的数据大小，以字节为单位
此函数执行完后将清除中断，需要再次调用以重新开启中断。
*/

2.串口中断回调函数：

HAL_UART_IRQHandler(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart); //串口中断处理函数
HAL_UART_TxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart); //发送中断回调函数
HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart); //接收中断回调函数

二、状态标记变量

USART_RX_STA （可以设置为32位）

1.bit15当数据读取全部OK时，USART_RX_STA的最高位置置1

2.bit14当接收到0x0D（回车）置1

2.bit13~0串口中断接收到一个数据（一个字节）就自加1

三、串口接收中断流程

四、串口工具

五、配置1（非中断）

1.接线：TX -- A10 RX -- A9

2.时钟72MHz

3.串口配置

4.如果用printf进行串口发送数据要在keil5设置MicroLIB如下图所示

六、main.c代码（非中断）

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

//如果重写下面fputc 就可以用printf发送数据,需要设置 如上图所示=============================
/*
int fputc(int ch,FILE *f)
{
	unsigned char temp[1] = {ch};
	HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,temp,1,0xffff);
	return ch;
}
*/

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
	
	//数据接收后存放的位置=========================================================================
	unsigned char ch[20] = {0};
  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
	
	//发送数据================================================================================
	HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,"hello world\n",strlen("hello world\n"),100);
	/* USER CODE END 2 */
	

	/* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */
	//接收数据============================================================
		HAL_UART_Receive(&huart1,ch,19,100);
		HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,ch,strlen(ch),100);//接收后在发送
		//printf(ch);//配合fputc使用
		memset(ch,0,strlen(ch));
    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

七、配置2（中断）

打开串口中断

八、main.c代码（中断）

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2022 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include <stdio.h>
/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */

//串口接收缓存（1字节）===================================================
uint8_t buf=0;
//定义最大接收字节数 200，可根据需求调整
#define UART1_REC_LEN 200
// 接收缓冲, 串口接收到的数据放在这个数组里，最大UART1_REC_LEN个字节
uint8_t UART1_RX_Buffer[UART1_REC_LEN];
uint16_t UART1_RX_STA=0;//初始化状态标记变量
// bit15， 接收完成标志
// bit14， 接收到0x0d
// bit13~0， 接收到的有效字节数目

/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

// 接收完成回调函数，收到一个数据后，在这里处理=========================================
void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{
	// 判断中断是由哪个串口触发的
	if(huart->Instance == USART1)
	{
		// 先判断接收是否完成（UART1_RX_STA bit15 位是否为1）
		if((UART1_RX_STA & 0x8000) == 0)
		{
			// 如果bit14被置为1 则已经收到了0x0d （回车），
			if(UART1_RX_STA & 0x4000)
			{
				// 则接着判断是否收到 0x0a （换行）
				if(buf == 0x0a)
					// 如果 0x0a 和 0x0d 都收到，则将 bit15 位置为1
					UART1_RX_STA |= 0x8000;
				else
					// 否则认为接收错误，重新开始
					UART1_RX_STA = 0;
			}
			else	// 如果bit14没有被置为1
			{
				//则先判断收到的这个字符是否是 0x0d （回车）
				if(buf == 0x0d)
				{
					// 是的话则将 bit14 位置为1
					UART1_RX_STA |= 0x4000;
				}
				else
				{
					// 否则将接收到的数据保存在缓存数组里
					UART1_RX_Buffer[UART1_RX_STA & 0X3FFF] = buf;
					UART1_RX_STA++;
					
					// 如果接收数据大于UART1_REC_LEN（200字节），则重新开始接收
					if(UART1_RX_STA > UART1_REC_LEN - 1)
						UART1_RX_STA = 0;
				}
			}
		}
		// 重新开启中断
		HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, &buf, 1);
	}
}

//可以使用printf进行发送数据===================================================
int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{      
	unsigned char temp[1]={ch};
	HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,temp,1,0xffff);  
	return ch;
}
/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
	
	// 开启接收中断=========================================================
	HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, &buf, 1);
  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
		
		//判断判断串口是否接收完成====================================================
		if(UART1_RX_STA & 0x8000)
		{
			printf("收到数据：");
			// 将收到的数据发送到串口
			HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, UART1_RX_Buffer, UART1_RX_STA & 0x3fff, 0xffff);
			// 等待发送完成
			while(huart1.gState != HAL_UART_STATE_READY);//HAL_UART_STATE_READY发送完成标志位
			printf("\r\n");
			// 重新开始下一次接收
			UART1_RX_STA = 0;
		}
		printf("hello liangxu\r\n");
		HAL_Delay(1000);

  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */