最近仔细学习了一下java AbstractQueuedSynchronizer 的源码，这里来一起分享下，如果有错误的地方，欢迎指正！
我们将会从一下几个方面介绍：
一、简介
AQS是Doug Lea 大师创作用来构建锁或其他同步组件的基础框架类。AQS主要采用模板方法实现同步原语，以简化并发工具的内部实现，AQS主要做了三件事情：
- 同步状态的管理，主要是通过state变量
- 线程的阻塞和唤醒，通过LockSupport.park 和 unpark方法
- 内部队列的维护，Condition队列 和 CLH队列
下面三个protected final方法是AQS中用来访问/修改同步状态的方法:
/**
* The synchronization state.
*/
private volatile int state;
/**
* Returns the current value of synchronization state.
* This operation has memory semantics of a {@code volatile} read.
* @return current state value
*/
protected final int getState() {
return state;
}
/**
* Sets the value of synchronization state.
* This operation has memory semantics of a {@code volatile} write.
* @param newState the new state value
*/
protected final void setState(int newState) {
state = newState;
}
/**
* Atomically sets synchronization state to the given updated
* value if the current state value equals the expected value.
* This operation has memory semantics of a {@code volatile} read
* and write.
*
* @param expect the expected value
* @param update the new value
* @return {@code true} if successful. False return indicates that the actual
* value was not equal to the expected value.
*/
protected final boolean compareAndSetState(int expect, int update) {
// See below for intrinsics setup to support this
return unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, stateOffset, expect, update);
}
Condition 中的 node 在两种情况下会加入到 CLH ：（下文会讲到）
- 正常流程中调用 signal 方法
- 发生中断，在 await 的时候也会加入到 CLH 中
二、API
在自定义基于AQS的同步工具时，我们可以选择覆盖实现以下几个方法来实现同步状态的管理，以下方法在 AQS中没有实现， 在AQS中会抛出UnsupportedOperationException异常，即把获取和释放的具体逻辑由子类来实现(主要是对state 变量的操作)：
| 方法 | 描述 |
| boolean tryAcquire(int arg) | 试图获取独占锁 |
| boolean tryRelease(int arg) | 试图释放独占锁 |
| int tryAcquireShared(int arg) | 试图获取共享锁 |
| boolean tryReleaseShared(int arg) | 试图释放共享锁 |
| boolean isHeldExclusively() | 当前线程是否获得了独占锁 |
AQS本身将同步状态的管理用模板方法模式都封装好了，以下列举了AQS中的一些模板方法：
| 方法 | 描述 |
| void acquire(int arg) | 获取独占锁。会调用tryAcquire方法，如果 未获取成功，则会进入同步队列等待 |
| void acquireInterruptibly(int arg) | 响应中断版本的acquire |
| boolean tryAcquireNanos(int arg,long nanos) | 响应中断+带超时版本的acquire |
| void acquireShared(int arg) | 获取共享锁。会调用tryAcquireShared方法 |
| void acquireSharedInterruptibly(int arg) | 响应中断版本的acquireShared |
| boolean tryAcquireSharedNanos(int arg,long nanos) | 响应中断+带超时版本的acquireShared |
| boolean release(int arg) | 释放独占锁 |
| boolean releaseShared(int arg) | 释放共享锁 |
| Collection getQueuedThreads() | 获取同步队列上的线程集合 |
上面看上去很多方法，其实从语义上来区分就是获取和释放，从模式上区分就是独占式和共享式，从中断相应 上来看就是支持和不支持。 AQS为在独占模式和共享模式下获取锁分别提供三种获取方式：不响应线程中断获取，响应线程中断获取，设 置超时时间获取。
三、内部类
1. Node
static final class Node {
/** Marker to indicate a node is waiting in shared mode */
static final Node SHARED = new Node();
/** Marker to indicate a node is waiting in exclusive mode */
static final Node EXCLUSIVE = null;
/** waitStatus value to indicate thread has cancelled */
static final int CANCELLED = 1;
/** waitStatus value to indicate successor's thread needs unparking */
static final int SIGNAL = -1;
/** waitStatus value to indicate thread is waiting on condition */
static final int CONDITION = -2;
/**
* waitStatus value to indicate the next acquireShared should
* unconditionally propagate
*/
static final int PROPAGATE = -3;
/**
* Status field, taking on only the values:
* SIGNAL: The successor of this node is (or will soon be)
* blocked (via park), so the current node must
* unpark its successor when it releases or
* cancels. To avoid races, acquire methods must
* first indicate they need a signal,
* then retry the atomic acquire, and then,
* on failure, block.
* CANCELLED: This node is cancelled due to timeout or interrupt.
* Nodes never leave this state. In particular,
* a thread with cancelled node never again blocks.
* CONDITION: This node is currently on a condition queue.
* It will not be used as a sync queue node
* until transferred, at which time the status
* will be set to 0. (Use of this value here has
* nothing to do with the other uses of the
* field, but simplifies mechanics.)
* PROPAGATE: A releaseShared should be propagated to other
* nodes. This is set (for head node only) in
* doReleaseShared to ensure propagation
* continues, even if other operations have
* since intervened.
* 0: None of the above
*
* The values are arranged numerically to simplify use.
* Non-negative values mean that a node doesn't need to
* signal. So, most code doesn't need to check for particular
* values, just for sign.
*
* The field is initialized to 0 for normal sync nodes, and
* CONDITION for condition nodes. It is modified using CAS
* (or when possible, unconditional volatile writes).
*/
volatile int waitStatus;
/**
* Link to predecessor node that current node/thread relies on
* for checking waitStatus. Assigned during enqueuing, and nulled
* out (for sake of GC) only upon dequeuing. Also, upon
* cancellation of a predecessor, we short-circuit while
* finding a non-cancelled one, which will always exist
* because the head node is never cancelled: A node becomes
* head only as a result of successful acquire. A
* cancelled thread never succeeds in acquiring, and a thread only
* cancels itself, not any other node.
*/
volatile Node prev;
/**
* Link to the successor node that the current node/thread
* unparks upon release. Assigned during enqueuing, adjusted
* when bypassing cancelled predecessors, and nulled out (for
* sake of GC) when dequeued. The enq operation does not
* assign next field of a predecessor until after attachment,
* so seeing a null next field does not necessarily mean that
* node is at end of queue. However, if a next field appears
* to be null, we can scan prev's from the tail to
* double-check. The next field of cancelled nodes is set to
* point to the node itself instead of null, to make life
* easier for isOnSyncQueue.
*/
volatile Node next;
/**
* The thread that enqueued this node. Initialized on
* construction and nulled out after use.
*/
volatile Thread thread;
/**
* Link to next node waiting on condition, or the special
* value SHARED. Because condition queues are accessed only
* when holding in exclusive mode, we just need a simple
* linked queue to hold nodes while they are waiting on
* conditions. They are then transferred to the queue to
* re-acquire. And because conditions can only be exclusive,
* we save a field by using special value to indicate shared
* mode.
*/
Node nextWaiter;
/**
* Returns true if node is waiting in shared mode.
*/
final boolean isShared() {
return nextWaiter == SHARED;
}
/**
* Returns previous node, or throws NullPointerException if null.
* Use when predecessor cannot be null. The null check could
* be elided, but is present to help the VM.
*
* @return the predecessor of this node
*/
final Node predecessor() throws NullPointerException {
Node p = prev;
if (p == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
else
return p;
}
Node() { // Used to establish initial head or SHARED marker
}
Node(Thread thread, Node mode) { // Used by addWaiter
this.nextWaiter = mode;
this.thread = thread;
}
Node(Thread thread, int waitStatus) { // Used by Condition
this.waitStatus = waitStatus;
this.thread = thread;
}
}代码中的注释写的已经很清楚了，我们主要来看下这几个状态，个人觉得状态的设置在一些业务系统中也很有作用。
| 英文 | 取值 | 语义 |
|---|---|---|
| CANCELLED | 1 | 因为超时或者中断，结点会被设置为取消状态，被取消状态的结点不应该去竞 争锁，只能保持取消状态不变，不能转换为其他状态。处于这种状态的结点会 被踢出队列，被GC回收； |
| SIGNAL | -1 | 表示这个结点的继任结点被阻塞了，到时需要通知它 |
| CONDITION | -2 | 表示这个结点在条件队列中，因为等待某个条件而被阻塞 |
| PROPAGATE | -3 | 使用在共享模式头结点有可能牌处于这种状态，表示锁的下一次获取可以无条件传播 |
| None of the above | 0 | 新结点会处于这种状态 |
2. ConditionObject
/**
* Condition implementation for a {@link
* AbstractQueuedSynchronizer} serving as the basis of a {@link
* Lock} implementation.
*
* <p>Method documentation for this class describes mechanics,
* not behavioral specifications from the point of view of Lock
* and Condition users. Exported versions of this class will in
* general need to be accompanied by documentation describing
* condition semantics that rely on those of the associated
* {@code AbstractQueuedSynchronizer}.
*
* <p>This class is Serializable, but all fields are transient,
* so deserialized conditions have no waiters.
*/
public class ConditionObject implements Condition, java.io.Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1173984872572414699L;
/** First node of condition queue. */
private transient Node firstWaiter;
/** Last node of condition queue. */
private transient Node lastWaiter;
/**
* Creates a new {@code ConditionObject} instance.
*/
public ConditionObject() { }
}这个类主要提供了一些在条件队列里边阻塞（await）唤醒（singal）的方法《AQS-源码分析 （三）》会讲到，注意Condition队列只是在一些特定的实现类工具中才会被使用到。AQS中只有一个阻塞队列，但是可以有多个条件队列
四，源码分析
1.acquire 获取独占锁的实现
这个方法首先会尝试获取锁，成功直接返回，否则会把当前线程包装成node添加到阻塞队列中，并检测如果是head节点的直接后继，则再次尝试获取锁，如果获取失败，则会通过LockSupport阻塞当前线程，直至被释放锁的线程唤醒或者被中断，随后再次尝试获取锁，如此反复
/**
* Acquires in exclusive mode, ignoring interrupts. Implemented
* by invoking at least once {@link #tryAcquire},
* returning on success. Otherwise the thread is queued, possibly
* repeatedly blocking and unblocking, invoking {@link
* #tryAcquire} until success. This method can be used
* to implement method {@link Lock#lock}.
*
* @param arg the acquire argument. This value is conveyed to
* {@link #tryAcquire} but is otherwise uninterpreted and
* can represent anything you like.
*/
public final void acquire(int arg) {
if (!tryAcquire(arg) &&
acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg))
selfInterrupt();
}
addWaiter 在队列中新增一个节点
**
* Creates and enqueues node for current thread and given mode.
*
* @param mode Node.EXCLUSIVE for exclusive, Node.SHARED for shared
* @return the new node
*/
private Node addWaiter(Node mode) {
Node node = new Node(Thread.currentThread(), mode);
// Try the fast path of enq; backup to full enq on failure
// 首先会通过CAS的方式先尝试插入一次，
Node pred = tail;
if (pred != null) {
node.prev = pred;
if (compareAndSetTail(pred, node)) {
pred.next = node;
return node;
}
}
// 初始情况或者在快速尝试失败后插入节点
enq(node);
return node;
}enq 通过循环+CAS在队列中成功插入一个节点后返回
/**
* Inserts node into queue, initializing if necessary. See picture above.
* @param node the node to insert
* @return node's predecessor
*/
private Node enq(final Node node) {
for (;;) {
Node t = tail;
if (t == null) { // Must initialize
// 初始化head和tail
if (compareAndSetHead(new Node()))
tail = head;
} else {
/*
* 此处的else分支是先在CAS的if前设置node.prev = t，而不是在CAS成功之后再设置。
* 这样子做的好处是：
* 保证每时每刻tail.prev都不会是一个null值，否则如果node.prev = t
* 放在下面if的里面，会导致一个瞬间tail.prev = null，这样会使得队列不完整。
*/
node.prev = t;
// CAS设置tail为node，成功后把老的tail也就是t连接到node。
if (compareAndSetTail(t, node)) {
t.next = node;
return t;
}
}
}
}acquireQueued 在队列中的节点通过此方法获取锁，对中断不敏感
/**
* Acquires in exclusive uninterruptible mode for thread already in
* queue. Used by condition wait methods as well as acquire.
*
* @param node the node
* @param arg the acquire argument
* @return {@code true} if interrupted while waiting
*/
final boolean acquireQueued(final Node node, int arg) {
boolean failed = true;
try {
boolean interrupted = false;
for (;;) {
final Node p = node.predecessor();
/*
* 检测当前节点前驱是否head，这是试获取锁的资格。
* 如果是的话，则调用tryAcquire尝试获取锁,
* 成功，则将head置为当前节点。
*/
if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
setHead(node);
p.next = null; // help GC
failed = false;
return interrupted;
}
/*
* 如果未成功获取锁则根据前驱节点判断是否要阻塞。
* 如果阻塞过程中被中断，则置interrupted标志位为true
*/
if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
parkAndCheckInterrupt())
interrupted = true;
}
} finally {
if (failed)
cancelAcquire(node);
}
}shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire
根据前驱节点中的waitStatus来判断是否需要阻塞当前线程。在前驱状态不为SIGNAL的情况下都会循环重试获取锁。
/**
* Checks and updates status for a node that failed to acquire.
* Returns true if thread should block. This is the main signal
* control in all acquire loops. Requires that pred == node.prev.
*
* @param pred node's predecessor holding status
* @param node the node
* @return {@code true} if thread should block
*/
private static boolean shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(Node pred, Node node) {
int ws = pred.waitStatus;
if (ws == Node.SIGNAL)
/*
* This node has already set status asking a release
* to signal it, so it can safely park.
*/
return true;
if (ws > 0) {
// Node.CANCELLED 向前遍历，更新当前节点的前驱为往前第一个非取消节点
/*
* Predecessor was cancelled. Skip over predecessors and
* indicate retry.
*/
do {
node.prev = pred = pred.prev;
} while (pred.waitStatus > 0);
pred.next = node;
} else {
/*
* waitStatus must be 0 or PROPAGATE. Indicate that we
* need a signal, but don't park yet. Caller will need to
* retry to make sure it cannot acquire before parking.
*/
/*
* 等待状态为0或者PROPAGATE(-3)，设置前驱的等待状态为SIGNAL,
* 并且之后会回到循环再次重试获取锁。
*/
compareAndSetWaitStatus(pred, ws, Node.SIGNAL);
}
return false;
}
cancelAcquire 该方法实现某个node取消获取锁
/**
* Cancels an ongoing attempt to acquire.
*
* @param node the node
*/
private void cancelAcquire(Node node) {
// Ignore if node doesn't exist
if (node == null)
return;
node.thread = null;
// Skip cancelled predecessors
Node pred = node.prev;
while (pred.waitStatus > 0)
node.prev = pred = pred.prev;
// predNext is the apparent node to unsplice. CASes below will
// fail if not, in which case, we lost race vs another cancel
// or signal, so no further action is necessary.
Node predNext = pred.next;
// Can use unconditional write instead of CAS here.
// After this atomic step, other Nodes can skip past us.
// Before, we are free of interference from other threads.
node.waitStatus = Node.CANCELLED;
// If we are the tail, remove ourselves.
/*
* 如果CAS将tail从node置为pred节点了
* 则剩下要做的事情就是尝试用CAS将pred节点的next更新为null以彻底切断pred和node的联系。
* 这样一来就断开了pred与pred的所有后继节点，这些节点由于变得不可达，最终会被回收掉。
* 由于node没有后继节点，所以这种情况到这里整个cancel就算是处理完毕了。
* 这里的CAS更新pred的next即使失败了也没关系，说明有其它新入队线程或者其它取消线程更新 掉了。
*/
if (node == tail && compareAndSetTail(node, pred)) {
compareAndSetNext(pred, predNext, null);
} else {
// 如果node还有后继节点，这种情况要做的事情是把pred和后继非取消节点拼起来。
// If successor needs signal, try to set pred's next-link
// so it will get one. Otherwise wake it up to propagate.
int ws;
if (pred != head &&
((ws = pred.waitStatus) == Node.SIGNAL ||
(ws <= 0 && compareAndSetWaitStatus(pred, ws, Node.SIGNAL))) &&
pred.thread != null) {
Node next = node.next;
if (next != null && next.waitStatus <= 0)
compareAndSetNext(pred, predNext, next);
} else {
/*
* 这时说明pred == head或者pred状态取消或者pred.thread == null
* 在这些情况下为了保证队列的活跃性，需要去唤醒一次后继线程。
* 举例来说pred == head完全有可能实际上目前已经没有线程持有锁了，
* 自然就不会有释放锁唤醒后继的动作。如果不唤醒后继，队列就挂掉了。
*
* 这种情况下看似由于没有更新pred的next的操作，队列中可能会留有一大把的取消节点。
* 实际上不要紧，因为后继线程唤醒之后会走一次试获取锁的过程，
* 失败的话会走到shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire的逻辑。
* 那里面的if中有处理前驱节点如果为取消则维护pred/next,踢掉这些取消节点的逻辑。
*/
unparkSuccessor(node);
}
/*
* 取消节点的next之所以设置为自己本身而不是null,
* 是为了方便AQS中Condition部分的isOnSyncQueue方法,
* 判断一个原先属于条件队列的节点是否转移到了同步队列。
*
* 因为同步队列中会用到节点的next域，取消节点的next也有值的话，
* 可以断言next域有值的节点一定在同步队列上。
*
* 在GC层面，和设置为null具有相同的效果。
*/
node.next = node; // help GC
}
}unparkSuccessor 唤醒后继线程。
/**
* Wakes up node's successor, if one exists.
*
* @param node the node
*/
private void unparkSuccessor(Node node) {
/*
* If status is negative (i.e., possibly needing signal) try
* to clear in anticipation of signalling. It is OK if this
* fails or if status is changed by waiting thread.
*/
int ws = node.waitStatus;
if (ws < 0)
compareAndSetWaitStatus(node, ws, 0);
/*
* Thread to unpark is held in successor, which is normally
* just the next node. But if cancelled or apparently null,
* traverse backwards from tail to find the actual
* non-cancelled successor.
*/
Node s = node.next;
if (s == null || s.waitStatus > 0) {
s = null;
for (Node t = tail; t != null && t != node; t = t.prev)
if (t.waitStatus <= 0)
s = t;
}
if (s != null)
LockSupport.unpark(s.thread);
}最后附上流程图
共享锁的 aquire 和 release请看下一篇《AQS-源码分析（二）》
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