235. Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Search Tree

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Given a binary search tree (BST), find the lowest common ancestor (LCA) of two given nodes in the BST.

According to the definition of LCA on Wikipedia: “The lowest common ancestor is defined between two nodes v and w as the lowest node in T that has both v and w as descendants (where we allow a node to be a descendant of itself).”

    _______6______
   /              \
___2__          ___8__

/ \ / \
0 _4 7 9
/ \
3 5
For example, the lowest common ancestor (LCA) of nodes 2 and 8 is 6. Another example is LCA of nodes 2 and 4 is 2, since a node can be a descendant of itself according to the LCA definition.

题目大意：
给定一棵二叉搜索树（BST），寻找BST中两个给定节点的最近公共祖先（LCA）。

根据维基百科对LCA的定义：“节点v与w的最近公共祖先是树T上同时拥有v与w作为后继的最低节点（我们允许将一个节点当做其本身的后继）”

例如，题目描述的样例中，节点2和8的最近公共祖先（LCA）是6。另一个例子，节点2和4的LCA是2，因为根据LCA的定义，一个节点可以是其本身的后继。

解题思路：
根据BST的性质，左子树节点的值＜根节点的值，右子树节点的值＞根节点的值

记当前节点为node，从根节点root出发

若p与q分别位于node的两侧，或其中之一的值与node相同，则node为LCA

否则，若p的值＜node的值，则LCA位于node的左子树

否则，LCA位于node的右子树

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
public class Solution {
    public TreeNode lowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode root, TreeNode p, TreeNode q) {

        TreeNode m  = root;

        if(m.val > p.val && m.val < q.val){
            return m;
        }else if(m.val > p.val && m.val > q.val){
            return lowestCommonAncestor(root.left, p, q);
        }else if(m.val < p.val && m.val < q.val){
            return lowestCommonAncestor(root.right, p, q);
        }

        return root;

    }
}