#2列表
由一系列按特定顺序排列的元素组成。
方括号[ ]表示列表,逗号分隔其中的元素
列表的创建、查、增、删、改
创建列表
mylist=['first','second','third','forth','fifth']
print(mylist)
运行结果:
['first', 'second', 'third', 'forth', 'fifth']
查
mylist=['first','second','third','forth','fifth']
print(mylist[0]) #List number start at 0 ,not 1
运行结果
first
列表序号从0开始
列表最后一个元素可以用 -1 来访问
print(mylist[-1])
**同理,访问倒数第二个可用 -2 倒数第三个 -3 **
同样,可以利用第一张对字符串的处理来处理列表中的值
massage="third element is "+mylist[2].title()+"."
print(massage)
运行结果:
third element is Third.
增
在列表末尾添加 .append(‘element’)
mylist.append('sixth')
print(mylist)
运行结果:
['first', 'second', 'third', 'forth', 'fifth', 'sixth']
用这种方法也可以对一个空表进行添加
在列表中插入元素 .insert(插入位置,“插入内容”)
mylist.insert(1,"half past one")
print(mylist)
运行结果:
['first', 'half past one', 'second', 'third', 'forth', 'fifth', 'sixth']
删
①del() del listname[删除位置]
del mylist[1]
print(mylist)
运行结果:
['first', 'second', 'third', 'forth', 'fifth', 'sixth']
②pop() 列表类似于一个栈,pop()可以将列表末尾的元素弹出
poped_mylist=mylist.pop()
print(mylist)
print(poped_mylist)
运行结果:
['first', 'second', 'third', 'forth', 'fifth']
sixth
由结果可见,被弹出的元素 “sixth” 是末尾元素,而且已经被存储在poped_mylist的存储空间中
③pop(n) 弹出指定位置
mylist=['first', 'second', 'third', 'forth', 'fifth']
poped_mylist=mylist.pop(2)
运行结果:
third
④remove() 根据值删除元素
注意remove()只能删除第一个指定的值
mylist=['first','second','third','forth','fifth']
print(mylist)
mylist.remove('second')
print(mylist)
运行结果:
['first', 'second', 'third', 'forth', 'fifth']
['first', 'third', 'forth', 'fifth']
改
直接替换指定位置元素
mylist=['first','second','third','forth','fifth']
print(mylist)
mylist[0]="one"
print(mylist)
运行结果:
['first', 'second', 'third', 'forth', 'fifth']
['one', 'second', 'third', 'forth', 'fifth']
组织列表
排序
临时性排序
sorted按字母顺序排序
mylist=['first','second','third','quater','half']
print(mylist)
print(sorted(mylist))
print(mylist)
运行结果:
['first', 'second', 'third', 'quater', 'half']
['first', 'half', 'quater', 'second', 'third']
['first', 'second', 'third', 'quater', 'half']
**sorted(mylist,reverse=True)**按字母逆序排序
print("\n\n\n")
mylist=['first','second','third','quater','half']
print(mylist)
print(sorted(mylist,reverse=True))
print(mylist)
运行结果:
['first', 'second', 'third', 'quater', 'half']
['third', 'second', 'quater', 'half', 'first']
['first', 'second', 'third', 'quater', 'half']
永久性排序
**sort()**按字母顺序排序
mylist=['first','second','third','quater','half']
print(mylist)
mylist.sort()
print(mylist)
运行结果:
['first', 'second', 'third', 'quater', 'half']
['first', 'half', 'quater', 'second', 'third']
**sort(reverse=True)**按字母逆序排序
mylist=['first','second','third','quater','half']
print(mylist)
mylist.sort(reverse=True)
print(mylist)
运行结果:
['first', 'second', 'third', 'quater', 'half']
['third', 'second', 'quater', 'half', 'first']
倒序打印
reverse()
mylist=['first','second','third','quater','half']
print(mylist)
mylist.reverse()
print(mylist)
运行结果:
['first', 'second', 'third', 'quater', 'half']
['half', 'quater', 'third', 'second', 'first']
列表长度
len()
mylist=['first','second','third','quater','half']
print(len(mylist))
运行结果:
5