Request

最新推荐文章于 2021-02-02 17:34:36 发布

xxplz

最新推荐文章于 2021-02-02 17:34:36 发布

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分类专栏： # JavaWeb

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Aless0/article/details/102057911

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Request

一. request 对象的原理
二. request 对象继承体系结构
三. request 获取请求消息数据功能
四. request 其他功能

Github：request_demo

一. request 对象的原理

1.request 对象由服务器创建，被程序员使用。

2.request 对象用来获取请求消息。

二. request 对象继承体系结构

ServletRequest（接口）— HttpServletRequest（接口）— org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade（类）

三. request 获取请求消息数据功能

1. 获取请求行数据

GET /servlet_demo/demo1?username=hjplz HTTP/1.1

1.获取请求方式：GET

String getMethod()

2.获取虚拟目录：/servlet_demo

String getContextPath()

3.获取 Servlet 路径：/demo1

String getServletPath()

4.获取 GET 方式请求参数：username=hjplz

String getQueryString()

5.获取请求URI：/servlet_demo/demo1

URI：统一资源标识符
String getRequestURI() ：/servlet_demo/demo1
URL：统一资源定位符
StringBuffer getRequestURL() ：http://localhost/servlet_demo/demo1

6.获取协议及版本：HTTP/1.1

String getProtocol()

7.获取客户机的IP地址

String getRemoteAddr()

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * 演示 Request对象 获取请求行数据
 */
@WebServlet("/requestDemo1")
public class RequestDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 获取请求方式：GET
        String method = request.getMethod();
        System.out.println(method);

        // (*)获取虚拟目录：/servlet_demo
        String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
        System.out.println(contextPath);

        // 获取 Servlet 路径：/demo1
        String servletPath = request.getServletPath();
        System.out.println(servletPath);

        // 获取 GET 方式请求参数：username=hjplz
        String queryString = request.getQueryString();
        System.out.println(queryString);

        // (*)获取请求 URI：/servlet_demo/demo1
        String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
        System.out.println(requestURI);
        StringBuffer requestURL = request.getRequestURL();
        System.out.println(requestURL);

        // 获取协议及版本：HTTP/1.1
        String protocol = request.getProtocol();
        System.out.println(protocol);

        // 获取客户机的 IP 地址
        String remoteAddr = request.getRemoteAddr();
        System.out.println(remoteAddr);
    }
}

2. 获取请求头数据

1.String getHeader(String name) ：通过请求头的名称获取请求头的值

2.Enumeration<String> getHeaderNames() ：获取所有请求头的名称

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;

/**
 * 演示 Request 对象获取请求头数据
 */
@WebServlet("/requestDemo2")
public class RequestDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 1. 获取所有请求头的名称
        Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
       
        // 2. 遍历请求头名称来获取请求头值
        while(headerNames.hasMoreElements()) {
            String name = headerNames.nextElement();
            String value = request.getHeader(name);
            System.out.println(name + ":" + value);
        }
    }
}

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;

/**
 * 演示 Request 对象获取请求头数据：user-agent
 */
@WebServlet("/requestDemo3")
public class RequestDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String agent = request.getHeader("user-agent");
        
        // 判断 agent 的浏览器版本
        if(agent.contains("Chrome")) {
            System.out.println("Chrome...");
        } else if(agent.contains("Firefox")) {
            System.out.println("Firefox...");
        }
    }
}

package com.hjplz.web.request;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * 演示 Request 对象获取请求头数据：referer
 */
@WebServlet("/requestDemo4")
public class RequestDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String referer = request.getHeader("referer");
        System.out.println(referer);
        
        // 防盗链
        if(referer != null) {
            if(referer.contains("login")) {
                response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
                response.getWriter().write("正常访问...");
            } else {
                response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
                response.getWriter().write("盗链!");
            }
        }
    }
}

3. 获取请求体数据

1.获取输入流

字符输入流：BufferedReader getReader()
字节输入流：ServletInputStream getInputStream()

2.从输入流中获取数据

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * 获取请求消息体——请求参数
 */
@WebServlet("/requestDemo5")
public class RequestDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 1. 获取字符流
        BufferedReader br = request.getReader();
        
        // 2. 读取数据
        String line = null;
        while((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
            System.out.println(line);
        }
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }
}

四. request 其他功能

1. 获取请求参数的通用方式

1.String getParameter(String name) ：根据参数名称获取参数值。e.g. 参数为 username=hjplz&password=123

2.String[] getParameterValues(String name) ：根据参数名称获取参数值的数组。e.g. 参数为 hobby=study&hobby=game

3.Enumeration<String> getParameterNames() ：获取所有请求的参数名称

4.Map<String, String[]> getParameterMap() ：获取所有参数的 map 集合

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * 获取请求参数通用方式
 */
@WebServlet("/requestDemo6")
public class RequestDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 根据参数名称获取参数值
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println(username);

        // 根据参数名称获取参数值的数组
        String[] hobbies = request.getParameterValues("hobby");
        for (String hobby : hobbies) {
            System.out.println(hobby);
        }

        // 获取所有请求的参数名称
        Enumeration<String> parameterNames = request.getParameterNames();
        while(parameterNames.hasMoreElements()) {
            String name = parameterNames.nextElement();
            System.out.println(name);
            // 一个键只对应一个值
//            String value = request.getParameter(name);
//            System.out.println(value);
			// 一个键可能对应多个值
            String[] values = request.getParameterValues(name);
            for (String value : values) {
                System.out.println(value);
            }
            System.out.println("-----------");
        }

        // 获取所有参数的 map 集合
        Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();   
        // 获取键的集合
        Set<String> keyset = parameterMap.keySet();
        // 根据键获取值
        for (String name : keyset) {
            String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);
            System.out.println(name);
            for (String value : values) {
                System.out.println(value);
            }
            System.out.println("----------");
        }
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

5.中文乱码

GET：Tomcat 8 已经将 GET 方式的乱码问题解决
POST：需要在获取参数之前设置 request 的编码：request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * 解决获取请求参数时的乱码问题
 */
@WebServlet("/requestDemo7")
public class RequestDemo7 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    	// 设置流的编码
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); 
        
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println(username);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

2. 请求转发

一种服务器内部的资源跳转方式。

1.步骤

通过 request 对象获取请求转发器对象：RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path)
使用 RequestDispatcher 对象进行转发：forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)

2.特点

浏览器地址栏路径没有发生变化
只能转发到当前服务器的内部资源中
转发在一次请求中进行

3. 共享数据

1.域对象：一个有作用范围的对象，可以在范围内共享数据。

2.request 域：一次请求的范围，一般用于在请求转发的多个资源中共享数据。

setAttribute(String name, Object obj) ：存储数据
Object getAttribute(String name) ：通过键获取值
removeAttribute(String name) ：通过键移除键值对

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * request 对象在 request 域内共享数据
 */
@WebServlet("/requestDemo8")
public class RequestDemo8 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("RequestDemo8 被访问了...");
        
        // 存储数据到 request 域
        request.setAttribute("msg", "hello");
		
		// 转发到 /resquestDemo9
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/requestDemo9").forward(request, response);
        
        // 请求转发只能转发到当前服务器的内部资源中，以下会报错
		// request.getRequestDispatcher("https://baidu.com").forward(request, response);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * request 对象在 request 域内共享数据
 */
@WebServlet("/requestDemo9")
public class RequestDemo9 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("RequestDemo9 被访问了...");
        
        // 获取数据
        Object msg = request.getAttribute("msg");
        System.out.println(msg);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

3.获取 ServletContext

ServletContext getServletContext()

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * 获取 ServletContext
 */
@WebServlet("/requestDemo10")
public class RequestDemo10 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletContext = request.getServletContext();
        System.out.println(servletContext);
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }
}

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Request

Request一. request 对象的原理二. request 对象继承体系结构三. request 获取请求消息数据功能四. request 其他功能一. request 对象的原理1.request 对象由服务器创建，被程序员使用。2.request 对象用来获取请求消息。二. request 对象继承体系结构ServletRequest（接口）— HttpServletRequ...
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