扫描二维码

在iOS7之前，大部分应用中使用的二维码扫描是第三方的扫描框架，例如ZXing或者ZBar。使用时集成麻烦，出错也不方便调试。在iOS7之后，苹果自身提供了二维码的扫描功能，从效率上来说，原生的二维码远高于这些第三方框架。

二维码扫描需要获取摄像头并读取照片信息，因此我们需要导入系统的AVFoundation框架。

 

我们需要用到以下几个类：

AVCaptureSession  会话对象，此类作为硬件设备输入输出信息的桥梁，承担实时获取设备数据的责任。

AVCaptureDeviceInput  设备输入类，这个类用来表示输入数据的硬件设备。
AVCaptureMetadataOutput  输出类，这个类支持二维码、条形码等图像数据的识别。
AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer  图层类，用来快速呈现摄像头获取的原始数据。

 

二维码扫描的步骤：
1、创建设备会话对象，用来设置设备数据输入
2、获取摄像头，并且将摄像头对象加入当前会话中
3、实时获取摄像头原始数据显示在屏幕上
4、扫描到二维码/条形码数据，通过协议方法回调

 

扫描范围：

在AVCaptureMetadataOutput中有一个叫做rectOfInterest的CGRect类型属性，这个属性用来限制扫描范围。 这个属性的每一个值取值范围在0~1之间，代表的是对应轴上的比例大小。这个属性是以屏幕右上角为坐标原点，并且宽高的顺序要对换过来，如下图所示。

 

注意：需要在info.plist 文件中添加使用相机权限

<key>NSCameraUsageDescription</key>
    <string>是否允许使用相机进行拍照或扫码</string>

 

示例代码

#define Screen_Width [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width

#import "ViewController.h"
#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>

@interface ViewController ()<AVCaptureMetadataOutputObjectsDelegate>
{
    
    UIView* scanBgView;
    
    UILabel *stateLabel;
    
    UIButton *controlBtn;
    
    UIView* boxView;//扫描框
    CALayer* scanLayer;//扫描线
    BOOL isReading;//是否在扫描
    
    NSTimer* timer;
}

//会话对象，此类作为硬件设备输入输出信息的桥梁，承担实时获取设备数据的责任
@property (nonatomic, strong) AVCaptureSession *captureSession;

//图层类，用来快速呈现摄像头获取的原始数据
@property (nonatomic, strong) AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer *videoPreviewLayer;

@end

@implementation ViewController


//开始扫描
-(void)startReading{
    NSError *error;
    
    //初始化捕捉设备（AVCaptureDevice），类型为AVMediaTypeVideo
    AVCaptureDevice *captureDevice = [AVCaptureDevice defaultDeviceWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];
    
    //创建AVCaptureDeviceInput输入设备为手机摄像头
    AVCaptureDeviceInput *input = [AVCaptureDeviceInput deviceInputWithDevice:captureDevice error:&error];
    
    if (!input) {
        
        NSLog(@"❌%@", [error localizedDescription]);
        
        return;
    }
    
    
    //输出类，这个类支持二维码、条形码等图像数据的识别
    AVCaptureMetadataOutput *captureMetadataOutput = [[AVCaptureMetadataOutput alloc] init];
    
    //创建串行队列，并将输出类添加到队列当中
    dispatch_queue_t dispatchQueue;
    
    dispatchQueue = dispatch_queue_create("myQueue", NULL);
    
    //设置代理
    [captureMetadataOutput setMetadataObjectsDelegate:self queue:dispatchQueue];
    
    //实例化会话对象，此类作为硬件设备输入输出信息的桥梁，承担实时获取设备数据的责任
    _captureSession = [[AVCaptureSession alloc] init];
    
    //将输入类添加到会话
    [_captureSession addInput:input];
    
    //将输出类添加到会话中
    [_captureSession addOutput:captureMetadataOutput];
    
    //设置输出类媒体数据类型为QRCode(二维码)
    [captureMetadataOutput setMetadataObjectTypes:[NSArray arrayWithObject:AVMetadataObjectTypeQRCode]];
    
    //设置扫描范围
    captureMetadataOutput.rectOfInterest = CGRectMake(0.2f, 0.2f, 0.8f, 0.8f);
    
    //创建AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer对象(预览图层)来实时获取摄像头图像
    _videoPreviewLayer = [[AVCaptureVideoPreviewLayer alloc] initWithSession:_captureSession];
    
    //设置该图层填充方式
    [_videoPreviewLayer setVideoGravity:AVLayerVideoGravityResizeAspectFill];
    
    //设置图层的frame
    [_videoPreviewLayer setFrame:scanBgView.layer.bounds];
    
    //将图层添加到scanBgView的图层上，把摄像头获取的图像实时展示在屏幕上
    [scanBgView.layer addSublayer:_videoPreviewLayer];
    
    //扫描框
    boxView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(scanBgView.bounds.size.width * 0.2f, scanBgView.bounds.size.height * 0.2f,scanBgView.bounds.size.width * 0.6f,scanBgView.bounds.size.height * 0.6f)];
    boxView.layer.borderColor = [UIColor greenColor].CGColor;
    boxView.layer.borderWidth = 1.0f;
    [scanBgView addSubview:boxView];
    
    //扫描线
    scanLayer = [[CALayer alloc] init];
    scanLayer.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, boxView.bounds.size.width, 1);
    scanLayer.backgroundColor = [UIColor brownColor].CGColor;
    [boxView.layer addSublayer:scanLayer];
    
    //定时器
    timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:0.2f target:self selector:@selector(moveScanLayer) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];
    [timer fire];
    
    //开始扫描
    [_captureSession startRunning];
    
    isReading = YES;
}

//实现计时器方法moveScanLayer
- (void)moveScanLayer{
    
    CGRect frame = scanLayer.frame;
    if (boxView.bounds.size.height < scanLayer.frame.origin.y) {
        
        frame.origin.y = 0;
        scanLayer.frame = frame;
        
    }else{
        frame.origin.y += 5;
        [UIView animateWithDuration:0.1 animations:^{
            
            scanLayer.frame = frame;
        }];
    }
}


//暂停扫描
-(void)stopReading{
    //停止扫描
    [_captureSession stopRunning];
    
    isReading = NO;
    
    _captureSession = nil;
    
    [_videoPreviewLayer removeFromSuperlayer];
    
    [scanLayer removeFromSuperlayer];
    
    //销毁定时器
    [timer invalidate];
    timer = nil;
}


- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    
    scanBgView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 120, Screen_Width, 250)];
    scanBgView.backgroundColor = [UIColor lightGrayColor];
    [self.view addSubview:scanBgView];
    
    controlBtn = [[UIButton alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake((Screen_Width-100)/2, CGRectGetMaxY(scanBgView.frame)+20, 100, 18)];
    controlBtn.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];
    [controlBtn setTitleColor:[UIColor blackColor] forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    controlBtn.titleLabel.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:15];
    [controlBtn setTitle:@"暂停扫描" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [controlBtn addTarget:self action:@selector(startOrStopReading:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
    [self.view addSubview:controlBtn];
    
    
    stateLabel = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake((Screen_Width-300)/2, (250-18)/2, 300, 18)];
    stateLabel.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];
    stateLabel.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:12];
    
    stateLabel.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;
    [scanBgView addSubview:stateLabel];
    
    [self startReading];
}


- (void)startOrStopReading:(UIButton*)sender {
    
    if (!isReading) {
        
        [self startReading];
        
        [controlBtn setTitle:@"暂停扫描" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
        
        [stateLabel setText:@""];
        
    }else{
        [self stopReading];
        
        [controlBtn setTitle:@"开始扫描" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    }
}


#pragma mark - AVCaptureMetadataOutputObjectsDelegate
//获取扫描得到的数据。回调参数metadataObjects中存放了扫描结果，我们需要先判断这个数组的数据个数是否为0
- (void)captureOutput:(AVCaptureOutput *)captureOutput didOutputMetadataObjects:(NSArray *)metadataObjects fromConnection:(AVCaptureConnection *)connection{
    //判断是否有数据
    if (metadataObjects != nil && [metadataObjects count] > 0) {
        
        AVMetadataMachineReadableCodeObject *metadataObj = [metadataObjects objectAtIndex:0];
        
        //判断回传的数据类型
        if ([[metadataObj type] isEqualToString:AVMetadataObjectTypeQRCode]) {
            
            [stateLabel performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(setText:) withObject:[metadataObj stringValue] waitUntilDone:NO];
            
            [self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(stopReading) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:NO];
        }
        
    }
}



@end