第三章编程练习

1.编写一个小程序，要求用户使用一个整数指出自己的身高（单位为英寸），然后将身高转换为英尺和英寸。该程序使用下划线字符来指示输入位置。另外，使用一个const符号常量来表示转换因子。

const int FOOT_TO_INCH = 12;
int height;

cout << "Please enter your height in inches_";
cin >> height;

cout << "Your height convert to " << height / FOOT_TO_INCH << " foot,";
cout << " and " << height % FOOT_TO_INCH << " inch(es)." << endl;

2.编写一个小程序，要求以几英尺几英尺的方式输入其身高，并以磅为单位输入其体重。（使用3个变量来存储这些信息。）该程序报告其BMI（Body Mass Index,体重指数）。为了计算BMI，该程序以英寸的方式指出用户的身高（1英尺为12英寸），并将以英寸为单位的身高转换为以米为单位的身高（1英寸 = 0.0254米）。然后，将以磅为单位的体重转换为以千克为单位的体重（1千克=2.2磅）。最后，计算相应的BMI——体重（千克）除以身高（米）的平方。用符号常量表示各种转换因子。

const int FOOT_TO_INCH = 12;
const double INCH_TO_METER = 0.0254;
const double KILLOGRAM_TO_POUND = 2.2;

int height_foot, height_inch;
double weight_pound, height, weight, BMI;
cout << "Please enter your height(foot): ";
cin >> height_foot;
cout << "Please enter your height(inch): ";
cin >> height_inch;
cout << "Please enter your weight in pounds: ";
cin >> weight_pound;

height = (height_foot * FOOT_TO_INCH + height_inch) * INCH_TO_METER;
weight = weight_pound / KILLOGRAM_TO_POUND;
BMI = weight / (height * height);

cout << "Your BMI is " << BMI << "." << endl;

3.编写一个程序，要求用户以度、分、秒的方式输入一个纬度，然后以度为单位显示该纬度。1度为60分，一分等于60秒，请以符号常量的方式表示这些值。对于每个输入值，应使用一个独立的变量存储它。下面是该程序运行时的情况：
Enter a latitude in degree, minutes, and seconds:
First, enter the degree: 37
Next, enter the minute of arc: 51
Finally, enter the seconds of arc : 19
37 degrees, 51 minutes, 19 seconds = 37.8553 degrees

const int DEGREE_TO_MINUTE = 60;
const int MINUTE_TO_SECOND = 60;

int degree, minute, second;
double degree_unit;

cout << "Enter a latitude in degree, minutes, and seconds: " << endl;
cout << "First, enter the degree: ";
cin >> degree;
cout << "Next, enter the minute of arc: ";
cin >> minute;
cout << "Finally, enter the seconds of arc: ";
cin >> second;

degree_unit = degree + (double)minute / DEGREE_TO_MINUTE + (double)second / MINUTE_TO_SECOND / DEGREE_TO_MINUTE;

cout << degree << " degrees" << minute << "minutes" << second << "seconds = "  << degree_unit << " degrees" << endl;

4.编写一个程序，要求用户以整数方式输入秒数（使用long或long long变量存储），然后以天、小时、分钟和秒的方式显示这段时间。使用符号常量来表示每天有多少小时、每小时有多少分钟以及每分钟有多少秒。该程序的输出应与下面类似：
Enter the number of seconds : 3160000
3160000 seconds = 365 days, 17 hours, 46 minutes, 40 seconds

const int DAY_TO_HOUR = 24;
const int HOUR_TO_MINUTE = 60;
const int MINUTE_TO_SECOND = 60;

long long orginal_seconds;
int days, hours, minutes, changed_seconds;

cout << "Enter the number of seconds: ";
cin >> orginal_seconds;

days = orginal_seconds / (DAY_TO_HOUR * HOUR_TO_MINUTE * MINUTE_TO_SECOND);
changed_seconds = orginal_seconds % (DAY_TO_HOUR * HOUR_TO_MINUTE * MINUTE_TO_SECOND);

hours = changed_seconds / (HOUR_TO_MINUTE * MINUTE_TO_SECOND);
changed_seconds = changed_seconds % (HOUR_TO_MINUTE * MINUTE_TO_SECOND);

minutes = changed_seconds / MINUTE_TO_SECOND;
changed_seconds = orginal_seconds % MINUTE_TO_SECOND;
	
cout << orginal_seconds << " seconds = " << days << " days," << hours << " hours," << minutes << " minutes," << changed_seconds << " seconds." << endl;

5.编写一个程序，要求用户输入全球当前的人口和美国当前的人口（或其他国家的人口）。将这些信息存储在long long变量中并让程序显示美国（或其他国家）的人口占全球人口的百分比。该程序的输出应与下面类似：
Enter the world’s population : 6898758899
Enter the population of the US : 310783781
The population of the US is 4.50492% of the world population.

long long world_population, us_population;
double percent;

cout << "Enter the world's population: ";
cin >> world_population;
cout << "Enter the population of the US: ";
cin >> us_population;
percent = 100 * (double)us_population / (double)world_population;

cout << "The population of the US is " << percent << "% of the world population." << endl;

6.编写一个程序，要求用户输入驱车里程（英里）和使用汽油量（加仑），然后指出汽车耗油量为一加仑的里程。如果愿意，也可以让程序要求用户以公里为单位输入距离，并以升为单位输入汽油量，然后指出欧洲风格的结果-即每100公里的耗油量（升）

	double dist_mile, fuel_gallon, fuel_consume;
	double dist_kilometer, fuel_litre;
	
	cout << "Enter the distance in miles: ";
	cin >> dist_mile;
	cout << "Enter the fuel consume in gallon: ";
	cin >> fuel_gallon; 
	fuel_consume = dist_mile / fuel_gallon;
	cout << "The fuel consume is " << fuel_consume << " miles/gallon." << endl;
	
	cout << "Enter the distance in kilometer: ";
	cin >> dist_kilometer;
	cout << "Enter the fuel consume in litre: ";
	cin >> fuel_litre;
	fuel_consume = 100 * ( fuel_litre / dist_kilometer);
	cout << "The fuel consume is " << fuel_consume << " L/100Km." << endl;

7.编写一个程序，要求用户按欧洲风格输入汽车的耗油量（每100公里消耗的汽油量（升）），然后将
其转换为美国风格的耗油量——每加仑多少英里。注意，除了使用不同的单位计量外，美国方法（距离/燃料）与欧洲方法（燃料/距离）相反。100公里等于62.14英里，1加仑等于3.875升。因此，19mpg大约
合12.41/100Km，127mpg大约合8.71/100Km。

const double GALLON_TO_LITRE = 3.875;
const double HKM_TO_MILE = 62.14;

double fuel_consume_europe, fuel_consume_us;
cout << "Enter the fuel consume in europe(L/100Km): ";
cin >> fuel_consume_europe;
fuel_consume_us = (GALLON_TO_LITRE  * HKM_TO_MILE) / fuel_consume_europe;
cout << "The fuel consume is " << fuel_consume_us << " mile/gallon" << endl;