第五章编程练习

1.编写一个要求用户输入两个整数的程序。该程序将计算并输出这两个整数之间（包括这两个整数）所有整数的和。这里假设先输入较小的整数。例如，如果用户输入的是2和9，则程序将指出2~9所有整数的和为44.

	int min, max, sum = 0;
	cout << "Please enter the min integer:";
	cin >> min;
	cout << "Please enter the max integer:";
	cin >> max;

	for (int i = min; i <= max; i++)
	{
		sum += i;
	}
	
	cout << "The sum = " << sum << endl;

2.使用array对象（而不是数组）和long double（而不是long long）重写编写程序清单5.4，并计算100！的值。

//程序清单5.4
	const int ArSize = 16;
	
	long long factorials[ArSize];
	factorials[1] = factorials[0] = 1LL;
	for (int i = 2; i < ArSize; i++)
	{
		factorials[i] = i * factorials[i - 1];
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < ArSize; i++)
	{
		cout << i << " != " << factorials[i] << endl;
	}

修改后

	const int ArSize = 100;

	array<long double, 100> factorials;

	factorials[1] = factorials[0] = 1LL;

	for (int i = 2; i < ArSize; i++)
	{
		factorials[i] = i * factorials[i - 1];
	}

	for (int i = 0; i < ArSize; i++)
	{
		cout << i << " != " << factorials[i] << endl;
	}

3.编写一个要求用户输入数字的程序。每次输入后，程序都将报告到目前为止，所有输入的累计和。当用户输入0时，程序结束。

	double num, sum = 0.0;
	do
	{
		cout << "Please enter a number to add(0 to quit): ";
		cin >> num;
		sum += num;
	} while (num != 0);
	cout << "The sum = " << sum << endl;

4.Daphne以10%的单利投资了100美元。也就是说，每一年的利润都是投资额的10%，即每年10美元：利息 = 0.10*原始存款；而Cleo以5%的复利投资了100美元。也就是说，利息是当前存款（包括获得的利息）的5%，：利息 = 0.05 * 当前存款。Cleo在第一年投资100美元的盈利是5%-得到了105美元。下一年的盈利是105美元的5%-即5.25美元，依次类推。请编写一个程序，计算多少年后，Cleo的投资价值才能超过Daphne的投资价值，并显示此时两个人的投资价值。

	const int BASE_DEPOSIT = 100;

	double daphne_deposit = BASE_DEPOSIT;
    double cleo_deposit = BASE_DEPOSIT;
	int year = 0;

	while (daphne_deposit >= cleo_deposit)
	{
		daphne_deposit += 0.10 * BASE_DEPOSIT;
		cleo_deposit += 0.05 * cleo_deposit;
		year++;
	}
	cout << "After " << year << " years, Cleo is more rich than Daphne." << endl;
	cout << "Daphne's deposit is " << daphne_deposit << endl;
	cout << "Cleo's deposit is " << cleo_deposit << endl;

5.假设要销售《C++ For Fools》一书。请编写一个程序，输入全年中每个月的销售量（图书数量，而不是销售额）。程序通过循环，使用初始化为月份字符串的char*数组（或string对象数组）逐月进行提示，并将输入的数据存储在一个int数组中。然后，程序计算数组中各元素的总数，并报告这一年的销售情况。

	const string Month[] = {"Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"};
	int sale_num_each_month[12];
	int sale_num_total = 0;

	for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++)
	{
		cout << "Enter the sale number of " << Month[i] << " :";
		cin >> sale_num_each_month[i];
	}
	cout << "Input done!" << endl;

	for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++)
	{
		sale_num_total += sale_num_each_month[i];
	}
	cout << "The total sale num of this year is: " << sale_num_total << endl;

6.完成编程练习5，但这一次使用一个二维数组来存储输入3年中每个月的销售量。程序将报告每年销售量以及三年的总销售量。

	const string Month[] = { "Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec" };
	int sale_num_each_month[3][12];
	int sale_num_total = 0;

	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
	{
		cout << "Starting input the " << i + 1 << " year's data." << endl;
		for (int j = 0; j < 12; j++)
		{
			cout << "Enter the sale number of " << Month[j] << " :";
			cin >> sale_num_each_month[i][j];
		}
	}

	cout << "Input done!" << endl;

	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < 12; j++)
		{
			sale_num_total += sale_num_each_month[i][j];
		}
		
	}
	cout << "The total sale num of 3 years are: " << sale_num_total << endl;

7.设计一个名为Car的结构体，用它来存储下述有关汽车的信息：生产商（存储在字符数组或string对象中的字符串）、生产年份（整数）。编写一个程序，向用户询问有多少辆汽车。随后，程序使用new来创建一个由相应数量的car结构体组成的动态数组。接下来，程序提示用户输入每辆车的生产商（可能由多个单词组成）和年份信息。请注意，这需要特别小心，因为它将交替读取数值和字符串（参见第4章）。最后，程序将显示每个结构的内容。该程序的运行情况如下：
How many car do you wish to catalog? 2
Car #1:
Please enter the make: Hudson Hornet
Please enter the year made: 1952
Car #2:
Please enter the make : Kaiser
Please enter the year made : 1951
Here is your collection:
1952 Hudson Hornet
1951 Kaiser

struct Car
{
	int date;
	string manufacturer;
};

int main()
{
	using std::cin;
	using std::cout;
	using std::endl;

	int car_number;
	Car* pcar;

	cout << "How many car do you wish to catalog? ";
	cin >> car_number;
	cin.get();//交替读取数值和字符串 消耗回车
	pcar = new Car[car_number];

	for (int i = 0; i < car_number; i++)
	{
		cout << "Car #" << i+1 << ":" << endl;
		cout << "Please enter the maker: ";
		getline(cin, pcar[i].manufacturer);
		cout << "Please enter the year made: ";
		cin >> pcar[i].date;
		cin.get();//交替读取数值和字符串 消耗回车
	}

	cout << "Here is your collection : " << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < car_number; i++)
	{
		cout << pcar[i].date << " " << pcar[i].manufacturer << endl;
	}

	return 0;
}

8.编写一个程序，它使用一个char数组和循环来每次读取一个单词，直到用户输入done为止。随后，该程序指出用户输入了多少个单词（不包括done在内）。下面是该程序的运行情况：
Enter words(to stop, type the word done):
anteater birthday category dumpster
envy finagle geometry done for sure
You entered a total of 7 words.
您应在程序中包含头文件cstring，并使用函数strcmp()函数来进行比较测试。

	const char DONE[] = "done";
	
	char words[20];
	int count = 0;
	cout << "Enter words(to stop, type the word done): " << endl;

	do
	{
		cin >> words;
		cin.get();//消耗空格
		count++;

	} while ( strcmp(words, DONE) != 0);

	cout << "You entered a total of " << count - 1 << " words." << endl;

9.编写一个满足前一个练习中描述的程序，但使用string对象而不是字符数组。请在程序中包含头文件string，并使用关系运算符来进行比较测试。

	const string DONE = "done";

	string words;
	int count = 0;
	cout << "Enter words(to stop, type the word done): " << endl;

	do
	{
		cin >> words;
		cin.get();//消耗空格
		count++;

	} while ( words != DONE );

	cout << "You entered a total of " << count - 1 << " words." << endl;

10.编写一个使用嵌套循环的程序，要求用户输入一个值，指出要显示多少行。然后，程序将显示相应行数的星号，其中第一行包括一个星号，第二行包括两个星号，以此类推。每一行包含的字符数等于用户指定的行数，在星号不够的情况下，在星号前面加上句点。该程序的运行情况如下：

	Enter the number of rows: 5
	....*
	...**
	..***
	.****
	*****

实现：

	int rows;
	cout << "Enter the number of rows: ";
	cin >> rows;

	for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j <  rows - i - 1; j++)
		{
			cout << ".";
		}

		for (int n = 0; n <= i; n++)
		{
			cout << "*";
		}
		cout << endl;
	}