1.编写一个通常接受一个参数(字符串的地址),并打印该字符串的函数。然而,如果提供了第二个参数(int类型),且该参数不为0,则该函数打印字符串的次数将为该函数被调用的次数(注意,字符串的打印次数不等于第二个参数的值,而等于函数被调用的次数)。是的,这是一个非常可笑的函数,但它让您能够使用本章介绍的一些技术。在一个简单的程序中使用该函数,以演示该函数时如何工作的。
void PrintString(const char* str, int n = 0);
int main(void)
{
PrintString("hello world");
PrintString("Good moring");
PrintString("I love you", 8);
return 0;
}
void PrintString(const char* str, int n)
{
static int count = 0;
count++;
if (n == 0)
{
cout << str << endl;
}
else
{
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
cout << str << endl;
}
}
}
2.CandyBar结构包含3个成员。第一个成员存储candy bar的品牌名称;第二个成员存储candy bar的重量(可能有小数);第三个成员存储candy bar的热量(整数)。请编写一个程序,它使用一个这样的函数,即将CandyBar的引用、char数组、double和int作为参数,并用最后3个值设置相应的结构成员。最后3个参数的默认值分别为"Millennium Munch"、2.85和350。另外,该程序还包含一个以CandyBar的引用为参数,并显示结构内容的函数。请尽可能使用const。
const int SIZE = 20;
struct CandyBar
{
char brand[SIZE];//品牌名称
double weight; //重量
int heat; //热量
};
void SetValue(CandyBar &candybar, const char* str = "Millennium Munch", const double weight = 2.85, const int heat = 350);
void Show(const CandyBar &candybar);
int main(void)
{
CandyBar candy_bar;
SetValue(candy_bar);
Show(candy_bar);
return 0;
}
void SetValue(CandyBar& candybar, const char* str, const double weight, const int heat)
{
strcpy(candybar.brand, str);
candybar.weight = weight;
candybar.heat = heat;
}
void Show(const CandyBar &candybar)
{
cout << "Brand: " << candybar.brand << endl;
cout << "Weight: " << candybar.weight << endl;
cout << "Heat: " << candybar.heat << endl;
}
3.编写一个函数,它接受一个指向string对象的引用作为参数,并将该string对象的内容转换为大写,为此可使用表6.4描述的函数toupper()。然后编写一个程序,它通过使用一个循环让您能够用不同的输入来测试这个函数,该程序的运行情况如下:
Enter a string(q to quit): go away
GO AWAY
Next string(q to quit): good grief!
GOOD GRIEF!
Next string(q to quit) :q
Bye
void ToUpper(string &str);
int main(void)
{
string str;
cout << "Please enter a string(q to quit):";
getline(cin, str);
while (str != "q")
{
ToUpper(str);
cout << str << endl;
cout << "Enter a string(q to quit):";
getline(cin, str);
}
cout << "Bye" << endl;
return 0;
}
void ToUpper(string &str)
{
for (int i = 0; i < str.size(); i++)
{
str[i] = toupper(str[i]);
}
}
4.请根据其中描述的函数和原型,从而完成该程序。注意,应有两个Show()函数,每个都使用默认参数。请尽可能使用const参数。Set()使用new分配足够的空间来存储指定的字符串。这里使用的技术与设计和实现时使用的相似。(可能还必须修改头文件的名称,删除using编译指令,这取决于所用的编译器。)
Stringy beany;
char testing[] = "Reality isn't what is used to be.";
Set(beany, testing);//first argument is a reference, allocates space to hold copy of testing
//sets str member of beany to point to the new block, copies testing to new block
//and sets ct member of beany
Show(beany);//prints member string once
Show(beany, 2);//prints member string twice
testing[0] = 'D';
testing[1] = 'u';
Show(testing);//prints testing string once
Show(testing, 3);//prints testing string thrice
Show("Done!");
实现:
struct Stringy
{
char* str;
int ct;
};
void Set(Stringy& stringy, const char* str);
void Show(const Stringy& stringy, int num = 1);
void Show(const char* str, int num = 1);
int main(void)
{
Stringy beany;
char testing[] = "Reality isn't what is used to be.";
Set(beany, testing);//first argument is a reference, allocates space to hold copy of testing
//sets str member of beany to point to the new block, copies testing to new block
//and sets ct member of beany
Show(beany);//prints member string once
Show(beany, 2);//prints member string twice
testing[0] = 'D';
testing[1] = 'u';
Show(testing);//prints testing string once
Show(testing, 3);//prints testing string thrice
Show("Done!");
return 0;
}
void Set(Stringy& stringy, const char* str)
{
stringy.ct = strlen(str) + 1;
stringy.str = new char[stringy.ct];
strcpy(stringy.str, str);
}
void Show(const Stringy& stringy, int num)
{
for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
cout << stringy.str << endl;
}
}
void Show(const char* str, int num)
{
for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
cout << str << endl;
}
}
5.编写模板函数max5(),它将一个包含5个T类型元素的数组作为参数,并返回数组中最大的元素(由于长度固定,因此可以在循环中使用硬编码,而不必通过参数来传递)。在一个程序中使用该函数,将T替换为一个包含5个int值的数组和一个5个包含double值的数组,测试该函数。
template <typename T>
T max5(T t[]);
int main(void)
{
int arr1[5] = { 1,3,5,7,9 };
double arr2[5] = { 22.2, 13.8, 17.9, 54.2, 38.4 };
cout << "The max value of int arr1 is " << max5(arr1) << endl;
cout << "The max value of double arr2 is " << max5(arr2) << endl;
return 0;
}
template <typename T>
T max5(T t[])
{
T max = t[0];
for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++)
{
if (max < t[i])
{
max = t[i];
}
}
return max;
}
6.编写模板函数maxn(),它将由一个T类型元素组成的数组和一个表示数组元素数目的整数作为参数,并返回数组中最大的元素。在程序中对它进行测试,该程序使用一个包含6个int元素的数组和一个包含4个double元素的数组来调用该函数。程序还包含一个具体化,它将char指针数组和数组中的指针数量作为参数,并返回最长的字符串的地址。如果有多个这样的字符串,则返回其中第一个字符串的地址。使用由5个字符串指针组成的数组来测试该具体化。
template <typename T>
T maxn(T t[], int n);
template <>
string maxn(string str[], int n);
int main(void)
{
int arr1[6] = { 1,3,5,7,9,11 };
double arr2[5] = { 22.2, 13.8, 17.9, 38.4 };
string arr3[5] = {"hello world", "good moring", "I love you", "how are you", "Byebye"};
cout << "The max value of int arr1 is " << maxn(arr1, 6) << endl;
cout << "The max value of double arr2 is " << maxn(arr2, 4) << endl;
cout << "The max value of string arr3 is " << maxn(arr3, 5) << endl;
return 0;
}
template <typename T>
T maxn(T t[], int n)
{
T max = t[0];
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
{
if (max < t[i])
{
max = t[i];
}
}
return max;
}
template <> //具体化
string maxn(string str[], int n)
{
int pos = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
{
if ( str[pos].size() < str[i].size() )
{
pos = i;
}
}
return str[pos];
}
7.修改程序清单8.14,使其使用两个名为SumArray()的模板函数来返回数组元素的综合,而不是显示数组的内容。程序应显示thing的综合以及所有debt的总和。
template <typename T>
void ShowArray(T arr[], int n);
template <typename T>
void ShowArray(T* arr[], int n);
template <typename T>
T SumArray(T arr[], int n);
template <typename T>
T SumArray(T* arr[], int n);
struct Debts
{
char name[50];
double amount;
};
int main(void)
{
int things[6] = {13, 31, 103, 301, 310, 130};
struct Debts mr_E[3] =
{
{"Ima Wolfe", 2400.0},
{"Ura Foxe", 1300.0},
{"Iby Stout", 1800.0}
};
double* pd[3];
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
pd[i] = &mr_E[i].amount;
}
cout << "Listing Mr.E's counts of things:\n";
ShowArray(things, 6);
cout << "Listing Mr.E's debts:\n";
ShowArray(pd, 3);
cout << "The sum of things: " << SumArray(things, 6) << endl;
cout << "The sum of pd: " << SumArray(pd, 3) << endl;
return 0;
}
template <typename T>
void ShowArray(T arr[], int n)
{
cout << "====template A====\n";
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
cout << arr[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
template <typename T>
void ShowArray(T* arr[], int n)
{
cout << "====template B====\n";
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
cout << *arr[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
template <typename T>
T SumArray(T arr[], int n)
{
T sum = 0;
cout << "====template C====\n";
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
sum += arr[i];
}
return sum;
}
template <typename T>
T SumArray(T* arr[], int n)
{
T sum = 0;
cout << "====template D====\n";
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
sum += *arr[i];
}
return sum;
}