JAVA贪吃蛇

在这篇博客中，我们将深入探讨如何使用Java编程语言实现经典的贪吃蛇游戏。通过这次实践，您将体验到从零开始构建一个完整游戏的过程，提升您的编程能力和对面向对象设计的理解。

一、项目概述

贪吃蛇是一款经典的街机游戏，玩家控制一条蛇在屏幕上移动，吃掉食物以增长身体长度，同时避免撞墙或撞到自己。在本项目中，我们将使用Java的Swing库来构建图形用户界面，并实现游戏的核心逻辑。

二、开发环境

• 编程语言：Java
• 开发工具：IntelliJ IDEA
• JDK版本：1.8

三、项目结构

本项目主要包含以下几个类：

1. SnakeGame：游戏主类，负责初始化游戏窗口和启动游戏。
2. GamePanel：游戏面板类，负责绘制游戏界面和处理用户输入。
3. Snake：蛇类，包含蛇的属性和行为。
4. Food：食物类，负责生成食物的位置。

四、实现步骤

1. 创建游戏窗口

   首先，我们需要创建一个继承自JPanel的GamePanel类，用于绘制游戏界面。在paintComponent方法中，我们将绘制蛇和食物。

   import javax.swing.*;
   import java.awt.*;
   import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
   import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
   import java.util.LinkedList;
   import java.util.Random;
   
   public class GamePanel extends JPanel {
       private static final int CELL_SIZE = 20;
       private static final int GRID_WIDTH = 20;
       private static final int GRID_HEIGHT = 20;
       private static final int GAME_SPEED = 150;
   
       private LinkedList<Point> snake;
       private Point food;
       private int direction;
       private boolean isMoving;
       private boolean isGameOver;
   
       public GamePanel() {
           setPreferredSize(new Dimension(CELL_SIZE * GRID_WIDTH, CELL_SIZE * GRID_HEIGHT));
           setBackground(Color.BLACK);
           setFocusable(true);
   
           addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
               @Override
               public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                   int key = e.getKeyCode();
                   if ((key == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT) && (direction != 1)) direction = 0;
                   if ((key == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT) && (direction != 0)) direction = 1;
                   if ((key == KeyEvent.VK_UP) && (direction != 3)) direction = 2;
                   if ((key == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN) && (direction != 2)) direction = 3;
               }
           });
   
           snake = new LinkedList<>();
           generateFood();
           isMoving = true;
           isGameOver = false;
   
           Timer timer = new Timer(GAME_SPEED, e -> {
               if (isMoving && !isGameOver) {
                   move();
                   checkCollision();
                   repaint();
               }
           });
           timer.start();
       }
   
       @Override
       protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
           super.paintComponent(g);
           if (isGameOver) {
               g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
               g.setFont(new Font("SansSerif", Font.BOLD, 30));
               g.drawString("Game Over!", CELL_SIZE * 5, CELL_SIZE * 10);
           } else {
               // 绘制食物
               g.setColor(Color.RED);
               g.fillRect(food.x * CELL_SIZE, food.y * CELL_SIZE, CELL_SIZE, CELL_SIZE);
   
               // 绘制蛇
               g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
               for (Point p : snake) {
                   g.fillRect(p.x * CELL_SIZE, p.y * CELL_SIZE, CELL_SIZE, CELL_SIZE);
               }
           }
       }
   
       private void generateFood() {
           Random rand = new Random();
           int x, y;
           do {
               x = rand.nextInt(GRID_WIDTH);
               y = rand.nextInt(GRID_HEIGHT);
           } while (snake.contains(new Point(x, y)));
           food = new Point(x, y);
       }
   
       private void move() {
           Point head = snake.peekFirst();
           Point newHead;
           switch (direction) {
               case 0:
                   newHead = new Point(head.x - 1, head.y);
                   break;
               case 1:
                   newHead = new Point(head.x + 1, head.y);
                   break;
               case 2:
                   newHead = new Point(head.x, head.y - 1);
                   break;
               case 3:
                   newHead = new Point(head.x, head.y + 1);
                   break;
               default:
                   newHead = head;
           }
   
           snake.addFirst(newHead);
   
           if (newHead.equals(food)) {
               generateFood();
           } else {
               snake.removeLast();
           }
       }
   
       private void checkCollision() {
           if (snake.size() == GRID_WIDTH * GRID_HEIGHT) {
               isMoving = false;
               isGameOver = true;
           }
   
           Point head = snake.peekFirst();
           if (head.x < 0 || head.x >= GRID_WIDTH || head.y < 0 || head.y >= GRID_HEIGHT) {
               isMoving = false;
               isGameOver = true;
           }
   
           if (snake.size() > 1 && snake.contains(head)) {
               isMoving = false;
               isGameOver = true;
           }
       }
   }
   

   创建游戏主类

   接下来，我们创建一个SnakeGame类，负责初始化游戏窗口和启动游戏。在main方法中，我们创建一个JFrame，并将GamePanel添加到其中。

   import javax.swing.*;
   
   public class SnakeGame {
       public static void main(String[] args) {
           JFrame frame = new JFrame("贪吃蛇游戏");
           GamePanel gamePanel = new GamePanel();
           frame.add(gamePanel);
           frame.pack();
           frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
           frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
           frame.setVisible(true);
       }
   }
   

   五、运行结果

   运行上述代码后，您将看到一个窗口，显示一个黑色的游戏区域。您可以使用键盘的方向键控制蛇的移动，目标是吃掉红色的食物，避免撞墙或撞到自己。当游戏结束时，屏幕上会显示“Game Over!”