分组查询:GROUP BY函数
引入:查询每个部门的平均工资
select avg(salary) from employees;
文章目录
一、分组数据:group by 子句语法
select 分组函数,列 (要求出现在group by的后面)
from 表
【where 筛选条件】
group by 分组的列表
【order by 子句】
注意:
where一定要放在from后面
查询列表比较特殊,要求是分组函数和groupby后出现的字段
二、简单分组
案例1:查询每个工种的最高工资
select max(salary) ,job_id
from employees
group by job_id;
案例2:查询每个位置上的部门个数
select count(*), location_id
from departments
group by location_id;
三、增加了分组前的筛选条件
案例3:查询邮箱中包含a字符的,每个部门的平均工资
select avg(salary),department_id
from employees
where email like '%a%'
group by department_id;
案例4:查询有奖金的每个领导手下员工的最高工资(增加了分组前的筛选条件)
select max(salary),manager_id
from employees
where commission_pct is not null
group by manager_id;
四、添加复杂的筛选条件
案例5:查询哪个部门的员工个数大于2
(1)查询每个部门员工的个数
select count(*),department_id
from employees
group by department_id;
(2)根据以上结果筛选,查询哪个部门的员工个数大于2
分组后的筛选用having而不是where
select count(*),department_id
from employees
group by department_id
having count(*)>2;
案例6:查询每个工种有奖金的员工的最高工资 >12000的工种编号和最高工资
(1)查询每个工种有奖金的员工的最高工资(分组前的筛选用where)
select max(salary), job_id
from employees
where commission_pct is not null
group by job_id;
(2)根据以上结果继续筛选max>12000
select max(salary), job_id
from employees
where commission_pct is not null
group by job_id
having max(salary)>12000;
案例7:查询领导编号>102的每个领导手下的最低工资>5000的领导编号是哪个,以及最低工资
select min(salary), manager_id
from employees
where manager_id>102
group by manager_id
having min(salary)>5000;
总结一:
分组查询中的筛选条件分为两类
分组前筛选:数据源为原始表,位置在groupby子句的前面,关键字为where
分组后筛选:数据源为分组后的结果集,位置在groupby子句的后面,关键字为having
注:分组函数做条件筛选肯定是放在having子句中;能用分组前筛选的要优先使用分组前的筛选(性能问题)
五、按表达式进行分组或者函数
案例:按员工姓名的长度分组,查询每一组的员工个数,筛选员工个数大于5的有哪些
select count(*),length(last_name) len1
from employees
group by len1
having count(*)>5;
注:mysql支持groupby和having后用别名,其他的DBMS不一定支持
六、 按多个字段进行分组
案例:每个部门每个工种的员工的平均工资
select avg(salary),job_id,department_id
from employees
group by job_id,department_id;
- 分组查询添加排序
- 案例:每个部门每个工种的员工的平均工资,并按平均工资的高低显示
select avg(salary),job_id,department_id
from employees
group by job_id,department_id
order by avg(salary) desc;
select avg(salary),job_id,department_id
from employees
where department_id is not null
group by job_id,department_id
having avg(salary)>10000
order by avg(salary) desc;
- 总结二
group by子句支持单个字段分组,多个字段分组(逗号隔开,无顺序要求),表达式或者函数(用的少)
支持添加排序,排序放在整个分组查询的最后
七、例题
1、查询各job_id的员工工资的最大值、最小值、平均值、总和,并按job_id升序
select max(salary),min(salary),avg(salary),sum(salary),job_id
from employees
group by job_id
order by job_id;
2、查询员工最高工资和最低工资的差距(difference)
select max(salary)-min(salary) difference
from employees;
3、查询各个管理者手下员工的最低工资,其中最低 工资不能低于6000,没有管理者的员工不计算在内
select min(salary),manager_id
from employees
where manager_id is not null
group by manager_id
having min(salary)>=6000;
4、查询所有部门的编号,员工数量和工资平均值,并按平均工资降序
select count(*),avg(salary),department_id
from employees
group by department_id
order by avg(salary) desc;
5、选择具有各个job_id的员工人数
select count(*) 个数,job_id
from employees
where job_id is not null
group by job_id;