java网络编程学习[狂神说java-网络编程实战讲解笔记]

建议先学计算机网络原理

网络编程

所有的资料来源都是以【狂神说Java】网络编程实战讲解 为基础
【狂神说Java】网络编程实战讲解
建议看视频，这篇博客是笔记

1.IP

本地：127.0.0.1 ：localhost

2.端口

• 公有端口0~1023

  • HTTP:80
  • HTTPS: 443
  • FTP:21
  • Telnet: 23

• 程序注册端口: 1024~49151,分配用户或者程序

  • Tomcat : 8080
  • MySQL : 3306
  • Oracle : 1521

• 动态
  私有: 49152~ 65535

netstat -ano #查看所有端口
netstat - ano|findstr "5900" #查看指定的端口
tasklist|findstr "8696" #查看指定端口的进程

常用方法：InetSocketAddress

3.TCP

主要注意IO流的操作

客户端

1. 连接服务器Socket
2. 发送消息

服务器

1. 建立服务的端口ServerSocket
2. 等待用户的链接accept
3. 接收用的消息

重点学习：
Socket类

信息传输

1. 客户端代码

package cn.livorth.wangluo;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TestClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream os = null;


        try {
            //获取服务器端口与端口号
            InetAddress serverIp = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            int port = 9999;
            //创建socket连接
            socket = new Socket(serverIp, port);
            //创建消息IO流
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            os.write("你好，世界！hello，world！".getBytes());


        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        finally {
            if(os != null)
            {
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

            if(socket!=null)
            {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }

    }



}

2. 服务端代码

package cn.livorth.wangluo;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TestServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;


        try {
            //创建一个带端口的地址
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
            //等待客户端的连接
            socket = serverSocket.accept();
            //获取客户端传输的信息
            is = socket.getInputStream();

            //管道流的文字转存
            baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1)
            {
                baos.write(buffer,0,len);
            }
            System.out.println(baos.toString());

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        finally {
            if(baos != null)
            {
                try {
                    baos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

            if(is != null)
            {
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

            if(socket != null)
            {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

            if(serverSocket != null)
            {
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }


    }

}

3. 结果：
   

文件上传

与前面的文字上传一致

但是要转换为file传输

然后要实现3次握手

客户端代码：

package cn.livorth.wangluo;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TestClientDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        //连接服务器
        InetAddress serverIp = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
        int port = 9000;
        Socket socket = new Socket(serverIp, port);

        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        //读取取文件
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("pic01.jpg"));
        //写出文件
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1)
        {
            os.write(buffer, 0, len);
        }

        //通知服务器，结束传输文件
        socket.shutdownOutput();

        //确定服务器接收完毕才关闭连接
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

        byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
        int len2;
        while ((len2 = is.read(buffer2)) != -1)
        {
            baos.write(buffer2, 0 ,len2);
        }

        System.out.println(baos.toString());
    }
}

服务端代码：

package cn.livorth.wangluo;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TestServerDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();

        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("re.jpg"));

        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1)
        {
            fos.write(buffer, 0 , len);
        }

        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        os.write("接收完毕，可以断开连接".getBytes());

        fos.close();
        is.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

结果：

4.UDP

重点学习这个：
DatagramSocket类

类似于发短信，将数据包发送出去，不用管是否接收到

聊天教室实现

发送代码

package cn.livorth.wangluo;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    BufferedReader reader = null;

    private int fromPort;
    private String toIP;
    private int toPort;

    public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
        this.fromPort = fromPort;
        this.toIP = toIP;
        this.toPort = toPort;

        try {
            //初始化建立连接
            socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
            //控制台获取输入的文字信息
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        }
        catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //无限循环获取消息
        while (true)
        {
            try {
                //读取数据
                String data = reader.readLine();

                //新建数据包
                byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));

                //发送包
                socket.send(packet);

                if(data.startsWith("bye"))
                    break;
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

接收代码：

package cn.livorth.wangluo;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;

public class TalkReceive implements  Runnable{

    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    private int port;
    private String msgFrom;

    public TalkReceive(int port, String msgFrom) {
        this.port = port;
        this.msgFrom = msgFrom;

        try {
            //初始化建立连接
            socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //无限循环获取消息
        while (true){
            try {
                byte[] container = new byte[1024];
                //新建包用于存储等下要接收的信息
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
                //存储到packet里面
                socket.receive(packet);


                //转换
                byte[] data = packet.getData();
                String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);

                System.out.println(msgFrom + ":" + receiveData);

                if(receiveData.startsWith("bye")){
                    break;
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

创建老师和学生用于发送接收信息

老师

package cn.livorth.wangluo;

public class TalkTeacher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //自己应用端口5555，用8888端口发送
        new Thread(new TalkSend(5555, "localhost", 8888)).start();
        //接收来自9999端口的学生消息
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999, "学生")).start();
    }
}

学生

package cn.livorth.wangluo;

public class TalkStudent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //自己应用端口7777，用9999端口发送
        new Thread(new TalkSend(7777, "localhost", 9999)).start();
        //接收来自8888端口的老师消息
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888, "老师")).start();

    }
}

5.URL

统一资源定位符

URL的相关方法