Java线程的6种状态及切换
public enum State {
/**
* Thread state for a thread which has not yet started.
*/
NEW,
/**
* Thread state for a runnable thread. A thread in the runnable
* state is executing in the Java virtual machine but it may
* be waiting for other resources from the operating system
* such as processor.
*/
RUNNABLE,
/**
* Thread state for a thread blocked waiting for a monitor lock.
* A thread in the blocked state is waiting for a monitor lock
* to enter a synchronized block/method or
* reenter a synchronized block/method after calling
* {@link Object#wait() Object.wait}.
*/
BLOCKED,
/**
* Thread state for a waiting thread.
* A thread is in the waiting state due to calling one of the
* following methods:
* <ul>
* <li>{@link Object#wait() Object.wait} with no timeout</li>
* <li>{@link #join() Thread.join} with no timeout</li>
* <li>{@link LockSupport#park() LockSupport.park}</li>
* </ul>
*
* <p>A thread in the waiting state is waiting for another thread to
* perform a particular action.
*
* For example, a thread that has called <tt>Object.wait()</tt>
* on an object is waiting for another thread to call
* <tt>Object.notify()</tt> or <tt>Object.notifyAll()</tt> on
* that object. A thread that has called <tt>Thread.join()</tt>
* is waiting for a specified thread to terminate.
*/
WAITING,
/**
* Thread state for a waiting thread with a specified waiting time.
* A thread is in the timed waiting state due to calling one of
* the following methods with a specified positive waiting time:
* <ul>
* <li>{@link #sleep Thread.sleep}</li>
* <li>{@link Object#wait(long) Object.wait} with timeout</li>
* <li>{@link #join(long) Thread.join} with timeout</li>
* <li>{@link LockSupport#parkNanos LockSupport.parkNanos}</li>
* <li>{@link LockSupport#parkUntil LockSupport.parkUntil}</li>
* </ul>
*/
TIMED_WAITING,
/**
* Thread state for a terminated thread.
* The thread has completed execution.
*/
TERMINATED;
}
1、 由源码可知线程的生命周期大体可以分为6种状态:
- New:线程创建好,还没调start()方法。
- Runnable:线程处于可运行但还没未运行状态。
- BLOCKED:阻塞表示线程在等待对象的monitor锁,试图通过synchronized去获取某个锁,但是此时其他线程已经独占了monitor锁,那么当前线程就会进入等待状态。
- WAITING:等待状态。如果调了Object.wait()方法并没有超时参数、Thread.join()方法并没有超时参数或者LockSupport.park()方法中的任何一个,便会让线程处于等待状态。
- TIMED_WAITING:一个线程在一个特定的等待时间内等待另一个线程完成一个动作。调用以下方法的线程会进入TIMED_WAITING状态:
① Thread.Sleep()方法。
② Object.wait()并加入超时参数
③ Thread.join()并加入超时参数
④ LockSupport.parkNanos()
⑤ LockSupport.parkUnitl() - TERMINATED:死亡状态。线程正常执行结束,或者异常导致线程中断,那么该线程就是死亡状态。不可转到其他状态。
2、线程状态关系图:
3、线程状态之间的切换
-
初始状态
实现Runnable接口和继承Thread可以得到一个线程类,new一个实例出来,线程就进入了初始状态。 -
就绪状态
就绪状态只是说你资格运行,调度程序没有挑选到你,你就永远是就绪状态。
调用线程的start()方法,此线程进入就绪状态。
当前线程sleep()方法结束,其他线程join()结束,等待用户输入完毕,某个线程拿到对象锁,这些线程也将进入就绪状态。
当前线程时间片用完了,调用当前线程的yield()方法,当前线程进入就绪状态。
锁池里的线程拿到对象锁后,进入就绪状态。 -
运行中状态
线程调度程序从可运行池中选择一个线程作为当前线程时线程所处的状态。这也是线程进入运行状态的唯一一种方式。 -
阻塞状态
阻塞状态是线程阻塞在进入synchronized关键字修饰的方法或代码块(获取锁)时的状态。 -
等待
处于这种状态的线程不会被分配CPU执行时间,它们要等待被显式地唤醒,否则会处于无限期等待的状态。 -
超时等待
处于这种状态的线程不会被分配CPU执行时间,不过无须无限期等待被其他线程显示地唤醒,在达到一定时间后它们会自动唤醒。 -
终止状态
当线程的run()方法完成时,或者主线程的main()方法完成时,我们就认为它终止了。这个线程对象也许是活的,但是,它已经不是一个单独执行的线程。线程一旦终止了,就不能复生。
在一个终止的线程上调用start()方法,会抛出java.lang.IllegalThreadStateException异常。