vue父子组件通信方式哪几种

第一种：props和$emit()

parent.vue

<template>
  <div id="app">
    <div>父组件：{{message}}</div>
    <ChildrenComponet :message="message" @changeMsgFn="message=$event"/>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import ChildrenComponet from './components/ChildrenComponet.vue'
export default {
  name: 'App',
  data(){
    return{
      message:'默认数据'
    }
  },
  components: {
    ChildrenComponet
  },
  methods:{
    changeMessage(msg){
      console.log(msg)
      this.message = 'Bye';
    }
  }
}
</script>

children.vue

<template>
  <div>
      子组件：{{message}}
      <button @click="handleClick">按钮</button>
  </div>
  
</template>

<script>

export default {
  props:['message'],
  methods:{
    handleClick(){
      this.$emit('changeMsgFn','Bye')
    }
  }
}
</script>

<style>

</style>

按按钮之前：

按按钮之后：

第二种，回调函数callback

parent.vue

<template>
  <div id="app">
    ------父组件------
    {{message}}
    <ChildrenComponet :message="message" :changeMsgFn="changeMessage"/>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import ChildrenComponet from './components/ChildrenComponet.vue'
export default {
  name: 'App',
  data(){
    return{
      message: 'hello!'
    }
  },
  components: {
    ChildrenComponet
  },
  methods:{
    changeMessage(){
      this.message = 'Bye'
    }
  }
}
</script>

<template>
  <div>
    ------子组件------
    {{message}}
    <button @click="changeMsgFn">按钮</button>
  </div>
  
</template>

<script>
// import GrandChild from './GrandChild.vue'
export default {
  props: ['message', 'changeMsgFn'],
  components:{
    // GrandChild
  },
  data(){
    return {

    }
  },
  methods:{

  }
}
</script>

点击按钮前：

点击按钮后：

第三种，$parent和$children

parent.vue

<template>
  <div id="app">
    <div>父组件：{{message}}</div>
    <ChildrenComponet :message="message"/>
    <button @click="changeChildrenNumber">改变子number</button>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import ChildrenComponet from './components/ChildrenComponet.vue'
export default {
  name: 'App',
  data(){
    return{
      message:'默认数据'
    }
  },
  components: {
    ChildrenComponet
  },
  methods:{
    changeChildrenNumber(){
      this.$children[0].number = 50
    }
  }
}
</script>

children.vue

<template>
  <div>
      子组件：{{number}}
      <button @click="handleClick">按钮</button>
  </div>
  
</template>

<script>

export default {
  data(){
    return {
      number:'初始number'
    }
  },
  props:['message'],
  methods:{
    handleClick(){
      this.$parent[0].message = '测试$parent，我是子组件'
    }
  }
}
</script>

<style>

</style>

点击“改变子number”前：

点击“改变子number”后

children.vue

<template>
  <div>
      子组件：{{number}}
      <button @click="handleClick">改变父number，测试$parent</button>
  </div>
  
</template>

<script>

export default {
  data(){
    return {
      number:'初始number'
    }
  },
  methods:{
    handleClick(){
      this.$parent.message = '改变$parent成功'
    }
  }
}
</script>

<style>

</style>

parent.vue

<template>
  <div id="app">
    <img alt="Vue logo" src="./assets/logo.png">
    <div>父组件：{{message}}</div>
    <ChildrenComponet/>
    <button @click="changeChildrenNumber">改变子number</button>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import ChildrenComponet from './components/ChildrenComponet.vue'
export default {
  name: 'App',
  data(){
    return{
      message:'默认数据'
    }
  },
  components: {
    ChildrenComponet
  },
  methods:{
    changeChildrenNumber(){
      this.$children[0].number = 50
    }
  }
}
</script>

点击前：

点击后：

第四种，provide和inject

parent.vue

<template>
  <div id="app">
    <ChildrenComponet/>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import ChildrenComponet from './components/ChildrenComponet.vue'
export default {
  name: 'App',
  data(){
    return{

    }
  },
  provide:{
    message:"hello"
  },
  components: {
    ChildrenComponet
  },
  methods:{

  }
}
</script>

children.vue

<template>
  <div>
      子组件：{{message}}
  </div>
  
</template>

<script>

export default {
  inject:['message'],
  data(){
    return {

    }
  },
  methods:{

  }
}
</script>

运行结果：

第五种，$attrs+$listeners

parent.vue

<template>
  <div id="app">
    ------父组件------
    <div>姓名:{{ name }}</div>
    <div>年龄:{{ age }}</div>
    <ChildrenComponet :name="name" :age="age" @changeName="changeName"/>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import ChildrenComponet from './components/ChildrenComponet.vue'
export default {
  name: 'App',
  data(){
    return{
      name:'小米',
      age: 33,
    }
  },
  components: {
    ChildrenComponet
  },
  methods:{
    changeName(){
      this.name = '小夏'
    }
  }
}
</script>

children.vue

<template>
  <div>
      ------子组件------
      <button @click="$listeners.changeName">按钮</button>
      <GrandChild v-bind="$attrs" />
  </div>
  
</template>

<script>
import GrandChild from './GrandChild.vue'
export default {
  components:{
    GrandChild
  },
  data(){
    return {

    }
  },
  methods:{

  }
}
</script>

GrandChildren.vue

<template>
  <div>
      ------孙组件------
      姓名：{{$attrs.name}}
      年龄：{{$attrs.age}}
  </div>
</template>

<script>
export default {

}
</script>

<style>

</style>

运行结果（从父亲传到了孙子）：

点击按钮后：

第六种，ref

parent.vue

<template>
  <div id="app">
    ------父组件------
    <ChildrenComponet ref="childComp"/>
    <button @click="changeName">按钮</button>
  </div>
</template>

<script>
import ChildrenComponet from './components/ChildrenComponet.vue'
export default {
  name: 'App',
  data(){
    return{
      name:'小米',
      age: 33,
    }
  },
  components: {
    ChildrenComponet
  },
  methods:{
    changeName(){
      console.log('点击前', this.$refs.childComp.age)
      this.$refs.childComp.changeAge()
      console.log('点击后', this.$refs.childComp.age)
    }
  }
}
</script>

children.vue

<template>
  <div>
      ------子组件------

  </div>
  
</template>

<script>
// import GrandChild from './GrandChild.vue'
export default {
  components:{
    // GrandChild
  },
  data(){
    return {
      age:20
    }
  },
  methods:{
    changeAge(){
      this.age = 50
    }
  }
}
</script>

点击后：