struts-defualt.xml指定的result的类型
1、struts-defualt.xml 文件的 181 行 开始定义了:
<result-types>
<result-type name="chain" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionChainResult"/>
<result-type name="dispatcher" class="org.apache.struts2.result.ServletDispatcherResult" default="true"/>
<result-type name="freemarker" class="org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerResult"/>
<result-type name="httpheader" class="org.apache.struts2.result.HttpHeaderResult"/>
<result-type name="redirect" class="org.apache.struts2.result.ServletRedirectResult"/>
<result-type name="redirectAction" class="org.apache.struts2.result.ServletActionRedirectResult"/>
<result-type name="stream" class="org.apache.struts2.result.StreamResult"/>
<result-type name="velocity" class="org.apache.struts2.result.VelocityResult"/>
<result-type name="xslt" class="org.apache.struts2.views.xslt.XSLTResult"/>
<result-type name="plainText" class="org.apache.struts2.result.PlainTextResult" />
<result-type name="postback" class="org.apache.struts2.result.PostbackResult" />
</result-types>
2、所有的 <result> 默认的名称 ( name ) 都是 success ,默认的 类型 ( type ) 都是 dispatcher
3、dispatcher 等同于 RequestDispatcher 中的 forward 操作 ,redirect 等同于 HttpServletResponse 中的 sendRedirect 操作
4、当 type = "redirect" 时,可以指定任意的位置
<result type="redirect">http://www.google.com</result>
redirectAction 类似于 redirect , 与 redirect 不同的是它专门重定向到 <action>
<result name="success" type="redirectAction">
<param name="namespace">/customer</param>
<param name="actionName">page/success/register</param>
</result>
全局的 result
1、<global-results>在这里所写的 result 属于当前包 的全局 result,当前包 的所有<action>可以访问
2、action标签呢的result属于局部的result,仅仅当前的 <action> 可以访问
控制异常
1、<global-exception-mappings>全局的异常映射,里面的result只能引用全局的result
2、测试案例
index.jsp
<%@ page language = "java" pageEncoding = "UTF-8" %>
<%@ page contentType = "text/html; charset= UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Apache Struts</title>
<style type="text/css">
.container { width: 90% ; margin: 10px auto ; box-shadow: 0px 0px 5px 4px #dedede ; padding: 5px 5px ; }
ul .required { color : blue ; }
ul li { font-size: 16px ; padding: 5px 5px ; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<h4> <global-results> 和 <global-exception-mappings> :</h4>
<a href="${ pageContext.request.contextPath }/throw/hello?throw=true" >发生异常</a>
<a href="${ pageContext.request.contextPath }/throw/hello?throw=false" >不发生异常</a>
</div>
</body>
</html>
struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="throw" namespace="/throw" extends="struts-default">
<global-results>
<!-- 在这里所写的 result 属于当前包 的全局 result -->
<result name="index" type="redirect">/results/index.jsp</result>
<result name="exception" type="dispatcher">/results/catch.jsp</result>
</global-results>
<!-- 全局的exception只能引用全局的result -->
<global-exception-mappings>
<exception-mapping exception="java.lang.RuntimeException"
result="exception" />
</global-exception-mappings>
<action name="hello" class="ecut.results.action.HelloAction">
<!-- 仅仅当前的 <action> 可以访问,属于局部的 result -->
<result name="success" type="dispatcher">/results/hello.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
Action类
package ecut.results.action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
public class HelloAction implements Action {
private boolean t ;
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
System.out.println(t);
if( t ) {
throw new RuntimeException( "出错了" );
}
return SUCCESS;
}
//jsp中的属性名要和get方法保持一致
public boolean getThrow(){
return this.t ;
}
public void setThrow( boolean t ) {
this.t = t ;
}
}
jsp中的属性名只需要和getter setter 方法一致就行,必须要有setter方法,getter方法可以省略,这样才可以从jsp中的URL接收到来自页面的参数throw。不然throw默认是false。
catch.jsp
<%@ page language = "java" pageEncoding = "UTF-8" %>
<%@ page contentType = "text/html; charset= UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>catch</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>catch</h1>
</body>
</html>
hello.jsp
<%@ page language = "java" pageEncoding = "UTF-8" %>
<%@ page contentType = "text/html; charset= UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>hello</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello</h1>
</body>
</html>
struts-plugin.xml中定义的result-type
1、struts-defualt.xml的json-default包中定义的result-type
<result-types>
<result-type name="json" class="org.apache.struts2.json.JSONResult"/>
<result-type name="jsonActionRedirect" class="org.apache.struts2.json.JSONActionRedirectResult"/>
</result-types>
2、struts2-json-plugin测试案例
添加需要的jar包,下载链接https://files.cnblogs.com/files/AmyZheng/jckson%E4%BE%9D%E8%B5%96%E5%8C%85.rar
普通方法将object转换json代码如下:
package ecut.results.action;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;
import org.codehaus.jackson.map.ObjectMapper;
import ecut.results.entity.Customer;
public class test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Customer c = new Customer();
c.setPassword("123456");
c.setConfirm("123456");
c.setUsername("Amy");
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper ();
String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(c);
System.out.println(json);
Customer customer = mapper.readValue(json, Customer.class);
System.out.println(customer.getUsername()+","+customer.getPassword());
Map<?,?> map = mapper.readValue(json, Map.class);
for(Map.Entry<?, ?> entry: map.entrySet()){
System.out.println(entry.getKey()+":"+ entry.getValue());
}
}
}
利用Struts2插件将json进行转换,代码如下:
index.jsp
<%@ page language = "java" pageEncoding = "UTF-8" %>
<%@ page contentType = "text/html; charset= UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Apache Struts</title>
<style type="text/css">
.container { width: 90% ; margin: 10px auto ; box-shadow: 0px 0px 5px 4px #dedede ; padding: 5px 5px ; }
ul .required { color : blue ; }
ul li { font-size: 16px ; padding: 5px 5px ; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<h4> 使用 json 类型 :</h4>
<a href="${ pageContext.request.contextPath }/json/customer" >Java Bean</a>
<a href="${ pageContext.request.contextPath }/json/map" >Map</a>
</div>
</body>
</html>
struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
<struts>
<!-- JSON : JavaScript Object Notation -->
<!-- json-default继承了struts-default并扩展了他 -->
<package name="json" namespace="/json" extends="json-default">
<default-class-ref class="ecut.results.action.JsonAction" />
<action name="customer" method="bean">
<result name="success" type="json">
<!-- 指定 root 参数,可以确定 只将哪个属性 转换为 JSON 格式 -->
<param name="root">customer</param>
</result>
</action>
<action name="map" method="map">
<result name="success" type="json">
<param name="root">map</param>
</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
指定 root 参数,可以确定 只将哪个属性 转换为 JSON 格式
Action类
package ecut.results.action;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
import ecut.results.entity.Customer;
public class JsonAction implements Action {
private Customer customer;
private Map<String, Integer> map;
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
return SUCCESS;
}
public String map() throws Exception {
map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("各种粉", 4);
map.put("藜蒿炒腊肉", 5);
map.put("瓦罐汤", 3);
return SUCCESS;
}
public String bean() throws Exception {
customer = new Customer();
customer.setUsername("张三丰");
customer.setPassword("hello2017");
return SUCCESS;
}
public Customer getCustomer() {
return customer;
}
public void setCustomer(Customer customer) {
this.customer = customer;
}
public Map<String, Integer> getMap() {
return map;
}
public void setMap(Map<String, Integer> map) {
this.map = map;
}
}
添加json注解,使密码和确认密码不要进行序列化
result-type为stream
1、通过result的type=“stream”来处理。
2、参数说明:
- contentType:指定文件类型,默认为text/plain即纯文本.(更多类型可查询tomcat安装目录下的conf目录的web.xml文件,例如application/vnd.ms-excel:Excel下载;application/octet-stream:文件下载),此处用image/jpeg。
- inputName:指定action中inputStream类型的属性名称,需要getter方法。
- contentDisposition:指定文件下载的处理方式,包括内联(inline)和附件(attachment)两种方式,而附件方式会弹出文件保存对话框。
- 否则浏览器会尝试直接显示文件。取值为:attachment;filename="${fileName}",表示文件下载的时候取名为通过EL表达式进行获取。
- filename="${fileName}"如同inline;filename="${fileName}",浏览器会尝试在线打开它;如果未指定filename属性则以浏览器的页面名作为文件名。
- bufferSize:输出时缓冲区的大小设置为 attachment 将会告诉浏览器下载该文件,filename 指定下载文件保有存时的文件名,若未指定将会是以浏览的页面名作为文件名,如以 download.action 作为文件名。这里使用的是动态文件名,${fileName}。它将通过 Action 的 getFileName() 获得文件名。也就是说Action里面要有一个getFileName ()的方法。
3、Serlet实现上传和下载和展示图片测试案例
下载
package ecut.response;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
@WebServlet( "/image/down" )
public class DownloadImageServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 448136179136896451L;
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest request , HttpServletResponse response )
throws ServletException, IOException {
request.setCharacterEncoding( "UTF-8" );
response.setCharacterEncoding( "UTF-8" );
//下载文件名称
String filename = "Koala.jpg" ;
//保存文件名称
String name = "考拉.jpg" ;
Path source = Paths.get( "D:/" , filename );
response.setHeader( "content-type" , "image/jpeg" );
// 响应报头 content-disposition 用来设置 响应正文中的二进制数据是 在浏览器显示 还是 由浏览器下载
name = URLEncoder.encode( name , "UTF-8" ); // 如果文件名中含有汉字,则需要对汉字进行编码
System.out.println( "编码后:" + name );
response.setHeader( "content-disposition" , "attachment;filename='" + name + "'" );
// 获得可以向客户端发送二进制数据的字节输出流
ServletOutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
// 将 source 中的内容 "复制" 到 out 对应的输出流,实际上就完成了输出操作
Files.copy( source, out ) ;
}
}
展示
package ecut.response;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
@WebServlet( "/image/show" )
public class ShowImageServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1376233444161496825L;
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest request , HttpServletResponse response )
throws ServletException, IOException {
request.setCharacterEncoding( "UTF-8" );
response.setCharacterEncoding( "UTF-8" );
response.setHeader( "content-type" , "image/jpeg" );
// 响应报头 content-disposition 用来设置 响应正文中的二进制数据是 在浏览器显示 还是 由浏览器下载
response.setHeader( "content-disposition" , "inline" );
//Path接口表示一个目录或一个文件对应的路径(它可以定位本地系统中的一个文件或目录)
//Paths类是一个工具类,其中定义了两个静态方法,专门用来返回Path对象:
//static Path get(String first, String... more)转换的路径字符串,或一个字符串序列,当加入形成一个路径字符串, Path。
Path source = Paths.get( "D:/Koala.jpg" );
//FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream( "D:/Koala.jpg" );
// 获得可以向客户端发送二进制数据的字节输出流
ServletOutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
// nio将 source 中的内容 "复制" 到 out 对应的输出流,实际上就完成了输出操作
Files.copy( source, out ) ;
/*
byte[] bytes = new byte[32] ;
int n ;
while( ( n = in.read( bytes ) ) != -1 ){
out.write( bytes , 0 , n );
}
*/
}
}
4、Struts2利用 result-type为stream实现下载和展示图片测试案例
index.jsp
<%@ page language = "java" pageEncoding = "UTF-8" %>
<%@ page contentType = "text/html; charset= UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Apache Struts</title>
<style type="text/css">
.container { width: 90% ; margin: 10px auto ; box-shadow: 0px 0px 5px 4px #dedede ; padding: 5px 5px ; }
ul .required { color : blue ; }
ul li { font-size: 16px ; padding: 5px 5px ; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<h4> 使用 stream 类型 :</h4>
<a href="${ pageContext.request.contextPath }/stream/show" >显示</a>
<a href="${ pageContext.request.contextPath }/stream/down" >下载</a>
<!-- 可以在 URL 中传递被下载的文件名,Action 中的 name 属性负责接收 -->
<a href="${ pageContext.request.contextPath }/stream/down?name=考拉.jpg" >下载</a>
</div>
</body>
</html>
struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="stream" namespace="/stream" extends="struts-default">
<default-class-ref class="ecut.results.action.ImageAction" />
<action name="show">
<param name="storePath">D:/</param>
<result name="success" type="stream">
<!-- inputName 属性用来指定 从哪个输入流中读取 文件 , 默认名称是 inputStream ( InputStream
类型 ) -->
<param name="inputName">inputStream</param>
<param name="contentType">image/jpeg</param>
<param name="contentDisposition">inline</param>
</result>
</action>
<action name="down">
<param name="storePath">D:/</param>
<result name="success" type="stream">
<param name="inputName">inputStream</param>
<param name="contentType">image/jpeg</param>
<param name="contentDisposition">attachment;filename="${ name }"</param>
</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
JSP中可以通过${requestScope.name}获取到值,也可以直接${name}按照page-request-session-application 的顺序去查找,因此JSP中的name和Action中一致。在URL中没有指定name的时候Action中的name会给jsp中的name进行赋值,则name必须有getter。如果指定了,要从jsp中的URL接收到来自页面的参数name,则name必须要有setter方法。
Action类
package ecut.results.action;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
public class ImageAction implements Action {
private String storePath; // 文件的存储目录
private String filename; // 被下载的文件的名称
private String name; // 保存文件的名称
private InputStream inputStream;
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
filename = "Koala.jpg";
// inputStream = new FileInputStream( "D:/"" + name ) ;
Path path = Paths.get(storePath, filename);
inputStream = Files.newInputStream(path);
if (name != null) {
name = URLEncoder.encode(name, "UTF-8");
}else{
name = filename;
}
return SUCCESS;
}
public String getStorePath() {
return storePath;
}
public void setStorePath(String storePath) {
this.storePath = storePath;
}
public String getFilename() {
return filename;
}
public void setFilename(String filename) {
this.filename = filename;
}
public InputStream getInputStream() {
return inputStream;
}
public void setInputStream(InputStream inputStream) {
this.inputStream = inputStream;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
整个过程是通过StreamResult类来实现显示和下载的
转载请于明显处标明出处