Java EE实战教程 servlet (一)

准备工作

安装tomcat
manager app登录不进去的问题的解决是在/conftomcat-users.xml 中输入：

<tomcat-users>
<role rolename="manager-gui"/>
<role rolename="manager-script"/>
<role rolename="manager-jmx"/>
<role rolename="manager-status"/>
<user username="manager" password="manager" roles="manager-gui,manager-script,manager-jmx,manager-status"/>
</tomcat-users>

开发Servlet的三种方式

apache-tomcat-7.0.92\webapps\myWebSite\WEB-INF\web.xml写入：

<web-app>
  <display-name>Welcome to Tomcat</display-name>
  <description>
     Welcome to Tomcat
  </description>
  
  <servlet>
	<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
	<servlet-class>Hello</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  
  <servlet-mapping>
	<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
	<url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  
    <servlet>
	<servlet-name>hellogen</servlet-name>
	<servlet-class>HelloGen</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  
  <servlet-mapping>
	<servlet-name>hellogen</servlet-name>
	<url-pattern>/Hellogen</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  
    <servlet>
	<servlet-name>hellohttp</servlet-name>
	<servlet-class>HelloHttp</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  
  <servlet-mapping>
	<servlet-name>hellohttp</servlet-name>
	<url-pattern>/hellohttp</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

apache-tomcat-7.0.92\webapps\myWebSite\WEB-INF\classes\Hello.java
经过编译得到Hello.class,其他类似不再说明
启动apache-tomcat-7.0.92\bin\startup.bat
在浏览器中输入http://localhost:8080 进入tomcat
在浏览器中输入http://localhost:8080 /WebSite/hello即可打开页面

实现Servlet接口

package com.tingwei;
import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class Hello  implements Servlet{
	
	/**
	 * Method init
	 *
	 *
	 * @param parm1 该函数只会被调用一次,当用户第一次访问该servlet时被调用
	 *
	 @throws ServletException
	 *
	 */
	public void init(ServletConfig parm1) throws ServletException {
		// TODO: Add your code here
		System.out.println("init it");
	}

	public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
		// TODO: Add your code here
		return null;
	}

	/*
	 * @param parm1 req用于获得客户端(浏览器)信息
	 * @param parm2 res用于向客户端(浏览器)返回信息

	 *这个函数用于处理业务逻辑,当用户每次访问该servlet时都会被调用
	 */
	public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO: Add your code here
		System.out.println("service it");
		//从re中得到PrintWriter
		PrintWriter pw=res.getWriter();
		pw.println("hello world");
	}

	/*
	 */
	public String getServletInfo() {
		// TODO: Add your code here
		return " ";
	}

	/**
	 * Method destroy
	 *
	 *释放内存
	 *1.reload 该servlet(webapps)//2.关闭tomcat//3.关机
	 */
	public void destroy() {
		// TODO: Add your code here
		System.out.println("destroy");
	}
    
    
}

继承ServletGeneric

import javax.servlet.GenericServlet;
import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.*;
public class HelloGen extends GenericServlet{
	//重写service方法
	public void service(ServletRequest req,ServletResponse res){
		//返回hello，world generic
		try{
			PrintWriter pw=res.getWriter();
			pw.println("hello,world! generic");
		}catch(Exception ex){
			ex.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

继承HttpServlet

import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.*;
public class HelloHttp extends HttpServlet{
	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse res){
		//业务逻辑
		try{
			PrintWriter pw=res.getWriter();
			pw.println("hello,http");
		}catch(Exception ex){
			ex.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	//处理post请求
	//res:用于获取客户端（浏览器）的请求
	//req:用于向客户端（浏览器）返回信息
	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse res){
		this.doGet(req,res);
	}
}

基于Servlet做一个简单的登录验证网页

<web-app>
  <display-name>Welcome to Tomcat</display-name>
  <description>
     Welcome to Tomcat
  </description>
  
  <servlet>
	<servlet-name>login</servlet-name>
	<servlet-class>Login</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  
  <servlet-mapping>
	<servlet-name>login</servlet-name>
	<url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  
    <servlet>
	<servlet-name>loginCl</servlet-name>
	<servlet-class>LoginCl</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  
  <servlet-mapping>
	<servlet-name>loginCl</servlet-name>
	<url-pattern>/loginCl</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  
    <servlet>
	<servlet-name>wel</servlet-name>
	<servlet-class>Wel</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  
  <servlet-mapping>
	<servlet-name>wel</servlet-name>
	<url-pattern>/wel</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

Login.java

import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.*;
public class Login extends HttpServlet{
	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse res){
		//业务逻辑
		try{
			//中文乱码的解决
			res.setContentType("text/html;charset=gbk");
			PrintWriter pw=res.getWriter();
			//返回登录界面
			pw.println("<html>");
			pw.println("<body>");
			pw.println("<h1>登录界面</h1>");
			pw.println("<form action=loginCl method=post>");
			pw.println("User name:<input type=text name=username><br>");
			pw.println("Password:<input type=password name=password><br>");
			pw.println("<input type=submit value=loging><br>");
			pw.println("</form>");
			pw.println("</body>");
			pw.println("</html>");
		}catch(Exception ex){
			ex.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	//处理post请求
	//res:用于获取客户端（浏览器）的请求
	//req:用于向客户端（浏览器）返回信息
	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse res){
		this.doGet(req,res);
	}
}

LoginCl.java

import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.*;
public class LoginCl extends HttpServlet{
	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse res){
		//业务逻辑
		try{
			//接收用户名称和密码
			String u=req.getParameter("username");
			String p=req.getParameter("password");
			//验证
			if(u.equals("sp")&&p.equals("123")){
				//合法
				res.sendRedirect("wel");
			}else{
				//不合法
				res.sendRedirect("login");//写你要跳转的servlet的那个url
			}
		}catch(Exception ex){
			ex.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	//处理post请求
	//res:用于获取客户端（浏览器）的请求
	//req:用于向客户端（浏览器）返回信息
	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse res){
		this.doGet(req,res);
	}
}

Wel.java

import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.*;
public class Wel extends HttpServlet{
	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse res){
		//业务逻辑
		try{
			PrintWriter pw=res.getWriter();
			pw.println("Welcome!");
		}catch(Exception ex){
			ex.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	//处理post请求
	//res:用于获取客户端（浏览器）的请求
	//req:用于向客户端（浏览器）返回信息
	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse res){
		this.doGet(req,res);
	}
}