CentOS7.9离线安装mysql

1. 下载mysql安装包

mysql5.7.34百度网盘，提取码：2f6m
下载mysql的安装包MySQL官网下载地址,如下图所示

2. 安装mysql

因为CentOS7自带Mariadb，所以要先将Mariadb删除掉才能安装mysql

# 找到mariadb
rpm -qa | grep mariadb

#找到对应的包后删除
rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-XXX

3将下载好的msyql安装包上传到服务器或虚拟机，解压

tar -xf mysql-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
# 解压后的所需要的rpm包就都有了，如下所示
# mysql-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
# mysql-community-client-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
# mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
# mysql-community-devel-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
# mysql-community-embedded-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
# mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
# mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
# mysql-community-libs-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
# mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
# mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
# mysql-community-test-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

安装rpm包,安装顺序为common，libs，devel，libs-compat，client，server

rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

安装mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm时候报错

[root@localhost opt]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
        /usr/bin/perl is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64
        perl(Getopt::Long) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64
        perl(strict) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64

缺少perl依赖，通过yum进行安装

yum list | grep perl # 查找perl
yum install -y perl.x86_64 # 安装perl

安装完成perl后再进行安装mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

[root@localhost opt]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.e################################# [100%]
# 安装成功

到这里提示一下安装mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm的时候提示缺少什么就通过yum或者其他方式安装什么就可以了这里缺少的perl可能还会缺少libaio、net-tools等一般通过yum直接进行安装就可以了。

3. 配置mysql

到这里就已经完成mysql的安装工作了，接下来就对mysql进行配置

编辑/etc/my.cnf文件

skip-grant-tables # 添加这个参数，用来跳过mysql的密码登录

开启mysql服务

systemctl start mysqld
netstat -nltp | grep 3306 # 开启服务后查看mysql默认的3306端口号是否存在，存在则证明服务启动成功

登录mysql

mysql -u root -p # 提示输入密码后直接Enter就可以，不需要输入密码

设置mysql的输入密码

mysql> flush privileges; # 先刷新权限，因为设置的skip-grant-tables，直接设置密码会报错
mysql> set password for root@localhost = password('password'); # 设置密码
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'password' with grant option; # 开启远程连接
mysql> flush privileges; # 刷新权限

如果在开启远程链接时报错 Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements,这是 mysql 初始化时，使用临时密码，修改自定义密码时，由于自定义密码比较简单，就出现了不符合密码策略的问题,修改一下mysql的密码策略即可

mysql> set global validate_password_policy=LOW; # 验证密码等级强度
mysql> set global validate_password_length=6; # 设置密码长度

修改完成后重新执行远程链接的命令即可。

通过exit退出mysql的命令窗口，systemctl stop mysqld停止mysql的服务，将/etc/my.cnf文件中的skip-grant-tables注释掉，然后根据需求配置一下my.cnf文件内容

#添加如下配置
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld] # [mysqld]这个文件中本来就存在，不用添加
character-set-server=utf8 # 添加到[mysqld] 后面
collation-server=utf8_general_ci # 添加到p[mysqld]后面

重新开启mysql服务，并加入开机自启

systemctl start mysqld # 启动mysql服务
systemctl enable mysqld # 将mysql服务加入到开机自启

到这里所有的步骤就结束了，可以使用Navicat连接一下mysql看一下是否成功。